EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-2010

VOCABULARY READING

conceive /kənˈsiːv/ (v): xem, nhận thức

to imagine something
Ex: I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.

vigorous /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ (adj): mạnh mẽ

very forceful or energetic
Ex: He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.

facilitate /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/ (v): cơ sở, thuận tiện

to make something possible or easier
Ex: The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.

substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ (adj): đáng kể, có tài sản

large in size, value, or importance
Ex: She inherited a substantial fortune from her grandmother.

fleet /fliːt/ (n): hạm đội

a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country's navy
Ex: The entire Spanish fleet was defeated within 6 hours.

frontier /ˈfrʌn.tɪər/ (n): biên giới

a border between two countries
Ex: Nepal has frontiers with both India and China.

abolish /əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/ (v): xóa bỏ

to end an activity or custom officially
Ex: I think bullfighting should be abolished.

phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ (n): hiện tượng

something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting
Ex: Gravity is a natural phenomenon.

relocate /ˌriː.ləʊˈkeɪt/ (v): chuyển đến

to move or move something or someone from one place to another
Ex: The couple relocated to Florida.

labour intensive /ˌleɪ.bər.ɪnˈten.sɪv/ (adj): đòi hỏi nhiều lao động

Industries and methods that are labour-intensive need a lot of workers
Ex: A lot of farming techniques have been abandoned because they were too labour-intensive.

assembly plant /əˈsembli plɑːnt/ (n): nhà máy lắp ráp

a factory where parts of a machine or structure are put together
Ex: BMW's latest car assembly plant is highly flexible and extremely productive.

candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ (n): ứng viên

a person who is competing to get a job or elected position
Ex: There are three candidates standing in the election.

haulage /ˈhɔː.lɪdʒ/ (n): vận chuyển

the business of moving things by road or railway
Ex: Haulage costs are being cut and delivery times speeded up because of easier customs regulations.

inherited /ɪnˈherɪtɪd/ (adj): kế thừa

received from someone who has died
Ex: The inherited economy was recovering strongly, having been very sensibly managed for four years.

distribution /ˌdɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ (n): phân phối

the process of giving things out to several people, or spreading or supplying something
Ex: We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution network.

tip /tɪp/ (v): nghiêng

to (cause to) move so that one side is higher than another side
Ex: The table tipped, and all our drinks fell on the floor.

enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ (v): mở rộng, phóng to

to become bigger or to make something bigger
Ex: They've enlarged the kitchen by building over part of the garden.

imperative /ɪmˈper.ə.tɪv/ (adj): bắt buộc

extremely important or urgent
Ex: The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured.

sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (adj): bền vững

able to continue over a period of time
Ex: Solutions put in place now must be sustainable.

integrate /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt/ (v): tích hợp

to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs
Ex: He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially.

nonetheless /ˌnʌn.ðəˈles/ (adv): tuy nhiên

despite what has just been said or done
Ex: There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.

blame /bleɪm/ for (n): chịu trách nhiệm

tthe situation in which people say or think that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad happening
Ex: They tried to pin (= put) the blame for the killing on an innocent army officer.

reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ (v): dành

to keep something for a particular purpose or time
Ex: I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and answering letters.

culprit /ˈkʌl.prɪt/ (n): thủ phạm

someone who has done something wrong
Ex: Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits.

attributable /əˈtrɪb.jə.tə.bəl/ (adj): có thể quy cho

caused by
Ex: Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming?

efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ (n): tiết kiệm

ways of wasting less time, money, labour, etc.:
Ex: With the reorganisation, the company is aiming to achieve efficiencies in both production and marketing.

ecological /ˌiː.kəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj): sinh thái

relating to ecology or the environment
Ex: The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological disaster.

deterioration /dɪˌtɪə.ri.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (n): sự suy thoái

the fact or process of becoming worse
Ex: We've seen a deterioration in relations between the countries.

pitch /pɪtʃ/ (n): sân

an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially football
Ex: Supporters invaded (= ran onto) the pitch.

marginalisation /ˌmɑː.dʒɪ.nə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ (n): sự thiểu số hóa

the act of treating someone or something as if they are not important
Ex: Dissidents are likely to face marginalization.

accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ (v): đi cùng, kèm theo

to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something
Ex: The course books are accompanied by four CDs.

complementary /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/ (adj): bổ sung

useful or attractive together
Ex: My family and my job both play an important part in my life, fulfilling separate but complementary needs.

curb /kɜːb/ (v): hạn chế

to control or limit something that is not wanted
Ex: The government should act to curb tax evasion.

occupancy /ˈɒk.jə.pən.si/ (n): chiếm đóng

someone's use of a room or building for the purposes of living or working
Ex: The family's occupancy of the apartment lasted only six months.

revitalise /ˌriːˈvaɪ.təl.aɪz/ (v): hồi sinh, làm mới lại

to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something
Ex: Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain.

cohesion /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/ (n): sự gắn kết

the situation when the members of a group or society are united
Ex: The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.

uncouple /ʌnˈkʌp.əl/ (v): tháo rời

to separate two things that are joined together
Ex: The engine had been uncoupled from the rest of the train.

saturated /ˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd/ (adj): ướt

completely wet
Ex: It's pouring down outside - I'm absolutely saturated!

artery /ˈɑː.tər.i/ (n): động mạch

one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body
Ex: Hardening of the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack.

comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/ (v): bao gồm

to have things or people as parts or members; to consist of
Ex: The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.

marked break /mɑːrkt breɪk/ (n): sự gián đoạn

simply put, it's a clear interruption.
Ex: There was a marked break in their relationship after the argument.

restriction /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/ (n): sự hạn chế

an official limit on something
Ex: The president urged other countries to lift the trade restrictions.

mobility /məʊˈbɪl.ə.ti/ (n): tính di động

the ability to move or walk around freely
Ex: She uses a walking stick as a mobility aid.