MASS COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA CLASS FINAL EXAM STUDY

What critical invention did Johannes Gutenberg create in 1440?

The printing press.

What was the major impact of Gutenberg's printing press?

It enabled high-quality reproduction of printed materials at a rate of nearly 4000 pages per day.

In which year did the first weekly newspapers using the Gutenberg Press emerge?

By what year had almost every country in Europe established a newspaper?

What notable newspaper was launched in 1704?

The Boston Newsletter.

What two newspapers were created in 1719?

The Boston Gazette and the American Weekly Mercury in Philadelphia.

What was the consequence for James Franklin in 1722 regarding his newspaper?

He was arrested for criticizing the government and was forbidden to publish any newspaper.

What foundational change in journalism occurred in 1791?

The ratification of the First Amendment, affirming freedom of speech and the press.

When was the Associated Press founded, and what was its purpose?

Founded in 1846, it facilitated news sharing among multiple major newspapers.

What writing style did Joseph Pulitzer popularize in the late 1800s?

Sensationalism.

Define sensationalism in journalism.

An approach that emphasizes dramatic and over-the-top stories, often focusing on crime, violence, and sex.

What is yellow journalism?

A style of journalism characterized by misleading stories, exaggerated information, and sensational headlines.

Why are headlines significant in journalism?

Headlines draw attention and summarize important information from the story.

What factors contribute to a story being deemed 'newsworthy'?

Timeliness, proximity, conflict, prominence, rarity, and human interest.

What does timeliness refer to in newsworthiness?

The relevance of an event happening now or recently.

How does proximity affect news selection?

Stories that are local or impact the audience directly are considered more newsworthy.

What role does conflict play between differing perspectives in news?

Stories with competing views engage readers' interest.

What is the significance of prominence in news coverage?

Famous individuals or events tend to attract more media attention.

Why is rarity important for news stories?

Unique or unusual events are more likely to intrigue readers.

What characterizes human interest stories?

These stories evoke emotions and create a sense of connection with the audience.

What steps should be taken when preparing for an interview?

Research the topic, prepare questions, contact sources, and ensure equipment is operational.

During the interview, what actions should be taken?

Get consent, set the tone, pose questions, and actively listen for follow-ups.

What should happen after conducting an interview?

Listen to the recording and extract significant quotes for your story.

How is radio sound transmitted?

Through electromagnetic waves sent by transmitters and received by receivers.

What does AM stand for in radio technology?

Amplitude Modulation.

What does FM stand for in radio technology?

Frequency Modulation.

What key event occurred in 1920 involving KDKA?

It transmitted the first scheduled radio broadcast.

What important regulatory body was established in 1934?

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

What major speech was aired on radio in 1963?

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech.

What iconic radio show began in 1970?

'American Top 40' hosted by Casey Kasem.

What types of radio formats are prevalent?

Country, Top 40, Adult Contemporary, Classic Rock, Urban Contemporary, News/Talk, and Sports.

What does DJ signify in the radio context?

Disc Jockey.

What responsibilities does a DJ have?

Selecting music, engaging with the audience, and conducting interviews.

What was the significance of 'I Love Lucy' in television history?

It changed television production by enabling filmed reruns.

When was color television first introduced?

Color television was introduced in 1953.

What was the first 24-hour news channel launched?

CNN, in 1980.

How has streaming changed the landscape of television?

Streaming allows viewers to watch shows on-demand from various platforms.

What are currently the leading streaming services?

Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, and HBO Max.

What are the core principles of successful TV broadcasting?

Accuracy, Brevity, and Clarity.

What does the 'reader' format in TV news entail?

The news anchor reads the entire story directly from a teleprompter.

What is meant by 'voice-over' in news broadcasts?

An anchor narrates while video footage is shown on screen.

Define Sound on Tape (SOT) in the context of news stories.

An included clip of an interview used to enhance the story.

What main features contribute to successful podcasting?

Engaging content, a charismatic host, and effective branding.

Why is engaging content critical in podcasts?

It attracts and retains listeners through relevant storytelling.

What is the influence of a podcast host's personality?

A relatable and charismatic host can draw in a larger audience.

How does branding help podcasts?

It establishes a recognizable identity, aiding in audience connection.

What purpose did AOL serve upon its creation in 1989?

AOL allowed users to access the internet via dial-up connections.

What social platform became highly popular for customizing profiles?

MySpace.

What was the original goal of Facebook when it was launched?

To act as a social directory for students at Harvard.

What is the main feature that Twitter provides its users?

The ability to post short updates called tweets.

What sets Instagram apart from other social media platforms?

Instagram focuses primarily on photos and videos.

What was Snapchats unique appeal?

Photos and videos that disappear shortly after being viewed.

What notable feature does TikTok emphasize in content sharing?

Short, engaging videos often paired with music.

What is essential for effective podcast marketing?

Building a community through listener interaction and social media presence.

What opportunities exist for podcasters to collaborate?

Collaborating with guest hosts or other podcasters to create shared content.

What is the importance of adhering to deadlines in journalism?

Deadlines ensure the timely delivery of news, keeping audiences informed.

How do news stories differ when written for radio versus TV?

Radio relies solely on audio, while TV incorporates visuals to enhance storytelling.