mycogacterial, fungal and parasitic infections

How long is treatment for mycobacterium TB

Long term 6 - 12 months

What happens if TB is left untreated

Mortality rate is higher than 50% if left untreated

Antimycobacterial meds

Isoniazid

Ethambutol

Rifampin

What is rifampin

Given in combo with at least one ther antiTB (usually isoniazid) meds to help prevent antibiotic resistance

Complications of rifampin

Discoloration of body fluids (orange-red urine, swea and tears)

Do NOT wear contacts

Hepatotoxicity

Action of isoniazid

This med is highly specific

Prevents the synthesis of mycolic acid in the cells walls which is essential for cell growth

What is isoniazid used for

Active and latent TB

What is the length of isoniazid treatment for medication sensitive TB

6 months for medication sensitive TB

What is the length of isoniazid treatment for Medication resistant infections

24 moths for med resistant infections

Complications of isoniazid

Interferes with B6 absorption

Peripheral neuropathy

Hepatotoxicity

What happens if hepatotoxity occurs with isoniazid

Report and HOLD the med

S/s of Hepatotoxicity

Jaundice

Dark urine

Elevated liver enzymes (ALT/AST)

What are all antiTB meds

Liver- toxic

Isoniazid interactions

Tyramine foods

No ETOH

Complications of ethambutol

Blurred vision

Eye pain

Red-green color blindness

Loss of vision

What is needed when a pt is taking ethambutol

Baseline eye exams

Routine eye exams

Tips for TB

Meds will last for 6 - 12 months

N95 wear at all times

Family must be tested

Sputum samples every 2- 4 weeks

3 negative cultures = no longer infected

What is metronidazole used for

Antibiotic induced c diff

Prophylaxis

H pylori tx

Complication of metronidazole

Darkening of urine

Neurotoxicity/ CNS effects

Interactions of metronidazole

Disulfiram-like reactions

Avoid alcohol for at least 3 days after the last dose

Antifungal med

Amphotericin B

Nystatin