Stress and Anxiety Disorders

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and treatment approaches related to stress and anxiety disorders, aimed to assist in reviewing lecture notes for exams.

What are anxiety disorders most characterized by?

Excessive anxiety and related behavioral disturbances.

What percentage of U.S. adults experience anxiety disorders at some time in their lives?

31.1%.

Which gender is more commonly affected by anxiety disorders?

Women are affected nearly 2:1 compared to men.

What is the difference between stress and anxiety?

Stress is tied to specific situations; anxiety can be vague or free-floating.

What is panic disorder characterized by?

Recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks.

What type of therapy can be effective for OCD?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and SSRIs.

What is the definition of a phobia?

A persistent, intense, irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation.

What is social anxiety disorder?

Severe anxiety or fear when exposed to social situations.

What are the four phases in the development of a crisis?

1. Pre-crisis, 2. Crisis, 3. Post-crisis, 4. Recovery.

Which medications are approved for the treatment of PTSD?

Sertraline and paroxetine.

What are some common symptoms of PTSD?

Re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, and functional impairment.

What are common nursing problems associated with anxiety?

Impaired cognition, anxiety, ineffective coping, and hopelessness.

What should be assessed in a patient experiencing anxiety?

Complete physical and neurological examination, feelings of self-harm, and psychosocial assessment.

What is the goal of crisis intervention?

To stabilize the individual and provide support and resources.

What are some healthy defense mechanisms?

Laughter, seeking support, confronting problems.

What can trigger panic attacks?

Panic attacks can occur suddenly and unpredictably without a specific trigger.

What risk factors may contribute to the development of anxiety disorders?

Genetics, behavioral modeling, cognitive distortions, and unresolved conflicts.

What symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Restlessness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.

How can benzodiazepines help treat anxiety disorders?

They enhance the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the CNS.

What are significant side effects of benzodiazepines?

Respiratory depression, sedation, dizziness, and potential for dependence.

What is prolonged exposure therapy?

A behavioral therapy technique used for PTSD to help patients reprocess trauma.

What are the main components of the Nursing Process in crisis intervention?

Assessment, problem identification, goal setting, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

What is the definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A chronic disorder characterized by uncontrollable recurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs in treating anxiety?

Blocking the reuptake of serotonin, increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

What are some uses of beta-blockers in anxiety management?

Short-term relief of rapid heart rate, sweating, and physical symptoms associated with anxiety.

What role does community support play in managing anxiety disorders?

Collaborative management through shared resources and support groups.

What is agoraphobia?

Intense fear of places where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.

What is a major misconception about anxiety disorders?

That they are not treatable; anxiety disorders are highly treatable.

What are common treatments for acute anxiety attacks?

Cognitive-behavioral techniques, pharmacological therapies, and relaxation techniques.

Why is it essential to assess cultural beliefs in patients with anxiety?

Cultural beliefs can significantly impact patients' understanding of and responses to anxiety.