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Anatomy
Anatomy
Study of body structure
Gross / Macroscopic
No microscope used
Regional
Study of body area to area
Systemic
Study of body system by system
Surface
External form and relation to deeper structures
Microscopic
Structures seen with a microscope
Cytology
Study of cellular anatomy
Histology
Study of tissues
Physiology
Study of functions and processes
Cell Physiology
Processes occurring in cells
Neurophysiology
Processes of the nervous system
Cardiovascular
Processes related to the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Tissue
Group of cells with similar structure
Organ
Collection of two or more tissues performing a function
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that forms skin
Connective Tissue
Tissue that includes cartilage and bone
Nervous Tissue
Tissue that includes the brain and nerves
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that includes skeletal and organ muscles
Integumentary System
Encloses internal body structures and prevents water loss
Skeletal System
Supports the body and produces blood cells
Muscular System
Enables movement and maintains body temperature
Nervous System
Detects and processes sensory information
Endocrine System
Secretes hormones and regulates body processes
Cardiovascular System
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Lymphatic System
Returns fluid to blood and defends against pathogens
Respiratory System
Removes carbon dioxide and delivers oxygen to blood
Digestive System
Processes food and removes waste
Urinary System
Controls water balance and removes wastes from blood
Female Reproductive System
Produces sex hormones and supports embryo
Male Reproductive System
Produces sex hormones and delivers sperm
Anatomical Position
Erect, face forward, feet together, palms forward
Supine
Lying face up
Prone
Lying face down
Superior/Cephalic
Towards the head
Inferior/Caudal
Towards the feet
Medial
Towards the center
Lateral
Away from the center
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Distal
Away from the point of attachment
Superficial
Near the surface
Deep
Further from the surface
Anterior/Ventral
Front of the body
Posterior/Dorsal
Back of the body
Body Cavities
Fluid-filled spaces within the body
Diaphragm
Divides thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Mediastinum
Contains structures of the thoracic cavity except lungs
Abdominopelvic Divisions
Nine abdominal regions for organ location
Serous Membranes
Cover organs and line trunk cavities
Pericardium
Serous membrane surrounding the heart
Pleura
Serous membrane surrounding the lungs
Peritoneum
Serous membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity
Radiology/X-ray
Imaging technique for internal body structures
Ultrasounds
Imaging using sound waves
CT Scan
Composite of radiographs showing body slices
MRI
Imaging using magnetism and radio waves
PET
Imaging to calculate metabolic activity of cells
Sagittal Plane
Divides body into left and right
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Divides body into front and back
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
Divides body into top and bottom
Longitudinal Cut
Cut along the length of an organ
Transverse Cut
Cut at a right angle along the length of an organ
Oblique Cut
Cut at an angle through an organ
Note 
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