Ch 13 CEP 240 Visual Impairments

Chapter 13 Teaching exceptional learners MSU fall 2025

Braille was developed in the

1800s

Visual impairment

An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects an individual’s educational performance.

Braille

Communication system utilizing raised representation of written materials for tactual interpretation.

visual efficiency

How well an individual uses remaining visual acuity at a distance or close up.

visual acuity

The ability to visually distinguish details of near or distant objects.

visual field

The amount of vision in the quadrant regions to the right and left, above, and below while gazing straight ahead.

legally blind

A visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with correction or a visual field that is no greater than 20 degrees.

residual vision

An individual’s usable vision.

glaucoma

A disease caused by increased pressure inside the aqueous portion of the eye with loss in the visual field.

The primary goal of the functional vision examination is to determine the child’s ability to sense light.

False

optic nerve atrophy

Degeneration of the optic nerve, which may be congenital or hereditary, causes loss of central vision, distorted color vision, and reduced visual acuity.

astigmatism

Distorted vision resulting from one or more surfaces of the cornea or lens being cylindrical, not spherical.

One example of a basic readiness skill that is integrated and modified within early childhood education for children with visual impairments is sensory development.

True

What is the goal of orientation and mobility training for individuals with visual impairments?

Increase Independence

How did the function of educational services for those with visual impairments change during the 1970s?

They focused on teaching children to efficiently and effectively use their residual vision.

Which is a likely reason how cultural differences might impact a child’s orientation and mobility training?

Certain cultures view face−to−face conversation as essential, complicating mobility training.

Visual impairment is one of the most prevalent disabilities among school−age children.

False

Marina is a fifth−grade student who has developed cloudiness in her lenses as the result of childhood trauma. What visual impairment has Marina acquired?

cataracts