STAD EX 2

Top 10 crps globally:

• Rice

• Cassava

• Corn

• Soybean

• Wheat

• Barley

• Canola 

• Sugarcane

• Oil palm

Most important crops in costa rica:

Coffee

• Rice 

• Bananas

• Oil palm

• Beans

• Oranges

Columbian exchange:

movement of diseases: crop, agricultural, ideas, disease between the old world and new world

Shoot system

The part of a plant that includes stems and leaves, primarily responsible for the plant's growth and photosynthesis.

root system

The part of a plant that anchors it to the soil and absorbs water and nutrients.

Rhizomes

underground stems that grow horizontally and produce shoots and roots at intervals, aiding in vegetative reproduction.

Stolons

above groudn stems

Stems

have buds and vascualr tissue

Roots

structures that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. NO BUDS

root crop

carbohydrates 

Cassava (yuca): propegated via stem cuttings

(Potatoes): transgenic

Taro

Sweet potatoes

Yams

Themes with root plants

Many have toxins for defense

 -high water content=storage and transport issues, 

-asexual reproduciton-low genetic diversity, 

-Landraces=have been developed over time through natural and artificial selection by traditional farmers and herders within a specific geographic area.

-Cultivars= plant that has been deliberately bred or selected by humans for specific traits, often desirable characteristics, and is propagated through cultivation methods like cuttings, division, or tissue cultur

Grains

Corn:male flowers have tassels and females have silks/ears each silk holds one kernel and pollen tube must be 8-10 inch

Rice:

Wheat

Corn + Wheat + Rice = 51% of global calories

Legumes

 inexpenseive protein source, one harvest year, no refrigerration needed,form mutalism with nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules needs low oxygen and phosphorus for nodules to function 

Tropical Fruits

 Pineapple: bromeliad family, asexually propegates via suckers, 

Bananas/plantains: Triploid: cannot produce sexually, propegates asexualy(tissue culture or suckers), Gross and Cavendish, 

Asexual

 cloning, less genetic diversity uniform, spread diseases easily 

Sexual

greater genetic diversity, reproduction, less predictable outcome