Self-Efficacy Theory

Self-confidence

Self-assurance; trust in one’s abilities and judgement. Global concept. Incorporates perceptions of ourselves across multiple domains.

Self-efficacy

A person’s belief in their ability to organize and execute actions required to perform a specific task or behavior. It is task-specific and influences whether someone attempts a behavior, how much effort they invest, and how long they persist in the face of challenges. It is one of the strongest predictors of exercise adherence.

People who have higher self-confidence typically…

• Put forth greater effort

• Are more motivated

• Persist longer

• Take on greater challenges and set more challenging goals

• Tolerate pressure better

• Have a more positive outlook (optimism)

• Take more risks

• Experience less anxiety

Self-Efficacy Theory

When a person has the physical ability to perform a task and is motivated to complete it, level of self-efficacy predicts if the person accomplish the task.

Self-Efficacy Formula

Self-Efficacy + Motivation + Ability —> Behavior and Performance

Performance Accomplishments

First source of self-efficacy. AKA Mastery Experiences: successfully completing a task or skill. The best source of self-efficacy for future performance is past performance.

Vicarious Experiences

Watching someone else perform the same skill/task. Works best when the model is like the athlete/exerciser in important ways. Self modeling, imagery, or imagining oneself completing the task can also improve self-efficacy.

Emotional-Physiological States

Positive mood (emotional state) increases self-efficacy. When a person feels physically ready (physiological state) to take on a task, self-efficacy increases.

Verbal Persuasion

Using words to increase self-efficacy, such as positive and encouraging self-talk

Mediator

Something that can affect a dependent variable. Goal setting, self-regulation, and coping strategies mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence.

Moderator

Something that changes the strength or direction of a dependent variable. Age, health status, and social support influence how efficacy translates into behavior.

Impacts of Success and Failure

Success increases Self-efficacy, failure decreases it.