PNC Topic for compre

What does clonidine do (alpha 2 adrenergic drugs)

To treat hypertension/ They regulate the release of norepinephrine bi INHIBITING its release

What does happen to Monro-Kellie Doctrine other than decreased salivation

Dilated pupils, Bronchodilation, constipation, decreased gi secretions

Late manifestations of Increased ICP

Fixed pupils, papilledema

Cushing triad manifestation of increased ICP

Hypertension, Irregular respiration, Bradycardia (Widened pulse pressure)

Difference between Concussion and Contussion

Aniscoria or unequal pupil size

Contraindication of Mannitol (Osmotic Diuretic?

Withhold if BP if <90/60

What is barbituates

For refractory ICP, Reduces cerebral metabolism

NCP for Increased ICP

For Airway: Elevate HOB 30 degrees to promote venous return

For temp management: Manage fever because Hyperthermia increases ICP

Where will an embolic ischemic stroke come from

Clots from the heart (Atrial Fibrillation)

Most common site for Ischemic stroke?

Middle Cerebral artery

Difference of complaint between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke: Sudden severe headache (Worst headache of my life)

What is somatosensory agnosia

Difficulty to recognize objects by touch based on its texture\, size, weight

What is unilateral neglect

Failure to pay attention to bodily grooming and stimuli on one side but the other

Pharmacologic consideration for tPA(tissue plasminogen activator)

BP should be less than 185/110 before thrombolytic therapy

What does anti hypertensive do

Prevent rebleed and reduce bp

How does trigeminal neuralgia pain gets triggered

Eating, Drinking, Talking, Smiling, Shaving, Applying makeup

What nerve does the carpal tunnel syndrome compresses

Median Nerve

What is tinel’s sign

Lightly tapping skin over the flexor retinaculum to have a sensation of tingling or “pins and needles”

What are the symptoms for Mild alzheimer disease

getting lost

trouble handling money

repeating questions

taking longer than before to complete normal daily tasks

poor judgement

losing things or misplacing them in odd places

mood and personality changes

Symptoms for Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease

Increased memory loss and confusion

Problems recognizing family and friends

inability to learn new things

difficulty carrying out tasks

problems coping with new situations

Severe Symptoms Alzheimer’s Disease

Inability to recognize oneself or family

Inability to communicate

weight loss

seizures

skin infections

difficulty swallowing

groaning, moaning, grunting

increased sleeping

Lack of control of bowel and bladder

Medications given Alzheimer”s Disease

Tacrine(Cognex)

Donepezil(Aricept)

Rivastigmine(Exelon)

Galantamine(Razadyne)

What medication you give to manage behavioral symptoms

Anxiolytics

Mood Stabilizers

What are the triad symptoms of Parkinson’s

Tremor(appears at rest)

Rigidity: Cogwheel type

Bradykinesia(Extreme slowness

What does carbidopa and benserazide do

Prevent metabolism of L-DOPA before it reaches the brain

Charcot’s triad for Multiple Sclerosis

Nystagmus(Jerky eye movement)

Intention tremors(Tremors during voluntary movement)

Speech discturbance

Manifestation for Gullain-Barre Syndrome

DOB

What’s the main diagnostic finding for Guillain-Barre syndrome

abnormality of increased spinal fluid protein production, but normal cell count

Ascending paralysis manifestation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Difficulty Breathing(Diaphragmatic Paralysis)

What is class V classification for Myasthenia Gravis

Intubation needed to maintain airway

To get best results of pyridostigmine(Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors) what should you do

Take 30 mins before meals, symptoms will be mild during eating

Signs of upper motor neuron for ALS

Tight stiff muscles(Spasticity)

Exaggerated reflexes(Hyperreflexia)

Positive Babinski Sign

Signs of lower motor neuron

Muscle weakness
Muscle Cramps
Muscle Atrophy

Muscle Twitches(Fasticulations)

What is the medication for ALS

Riluzole

-Believed to reduce damage to motor neurons by decreasing the release of glutamate

Pathophysiology of Huntington’s

Slow degeneration of the basal ganglia particularly the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

What is the side effect of Tetrabenazine(Xenazine)

Increased risk for depression and suicidal thoughts or behavior

How long does Complex Partial Seizures last

between 30 seconds to 2 minutes

What seizure happens when people move their mouth, pick at the air or their clothing or perform other purposeless actions

Complex partial seizure

What lobe is affected when you smell burning rubber

Temporal lobe

Injury prevention during seizure

Place patient on one side with head flexed forward; suction when possible