Chemistry- End of Year Exams

what are the 3 key acids?

* Hydrochloric
* Sulphuric
* Nitric

Insoluble

Does not dissolve in water

Soluble

Does dissolve in water

Element

Made of ONE type of atom

Compound

Made of more than one type of atom chemically bonded together

Mixture

Made of more than one type of atom, not chemically bonded together

What is the PH scale range?

0 (very acidic) - 7 (neutral) - 14 (very alkaline)

Solution

A liquid made when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

What do acids always have in them?

Hydrogen + Ions

What do alkalines always have in them?

Hydroxide + Ions

What is salt?

A compound formed when acid reacts with a metal or a compound

What is the name of salt we give to each acid?

* Hydrochloric = Chloride
* Sulphuric = Sulphate
* Nitric = Nitrate

Crust

* Solid Rock
* Between 8km - 40km thick

Mantel

* Semi solid
* molten rock
* moves in currents

Outer Core

* liquid
* mostly made from iron and nickel

Inner Core

* hottest part
* solid because of immense pressure

What is rust?

Ironoxide (compound)

How much of the atmosphere is made up of each element?

* Nitrogen = 78%
* Oxygen = 21%
* Argon = 1%
* Co2 = 0.03%
* Water = 0-4%

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Lava is outside the earth while magma is still inside the earth

How are igneous rocks formed?

Cooled magma/lava

What causes erosion in igneous rocks?

Weathering

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Sediments of weathered rocks are compacted to create new rocks

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Heat and pressure form metamorphic rocks

How are Salts named?

Metal + Acid

e.g. Lead + Hydrochloric acid

* Lead chloride + hydrogen

What process removes Co2?

Photosynthesis

What process adds Co2?

Respiration

When are fuels burnt?

Combustion

What is a horizontal line on the periodic table called?

period

What is a vertical line on the periodic table called?

group

What are the properties of metals?

* Malleable (bendy)
* Good conductors
* Dense
* Shiny

What are the properties of non - metals?

* Crumbly
* Don’t conduct heat or electricity
* non - magnetic

What are the group 1 metals?

* Lithium
* Sodium
* Potassium
* Rubidium
* Cesium
* Francium

What are the properties of group 1?

* Soft metals
* Low melting points
* Reactive

What are the group 7 elements?

* Flourine
* Chlorine
* Bromine
* Iodine
* Agastine
* Tennesine

What are the properties of group 7?

* non - metal
* don’t conduct electricity
* low melting and boiling points
* reactive

What do group 1 elements react with?

Oxygen + water

What do group 7 elements react wit?

Aluminium

Chemical Reaction

A change in which atoms are rearranged to create a new substance

Are physical changes reversible or irreversible?

Reversible

Are chemical changes reversible or irreversible?

Irreversible