Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

Alkane

Suffix: -ane
Examples: Ethane, Butane, Heptane

Alkene

Suffix: -ene
Examples: 1-Hexene, 2-pentene

Alkyne

Suffix: -yne
Examples: Propyne, 2-butyne

Haloalkane

Examples: Fluoromethane, Chloroethane, 2-Bromopropane

Alcohol

Suffix -ol
Examples: 2-propanol, Ethanol, 3-hexanol

Amine

Examples: Propyl amine (CH3CH2CH2NH2), Dimethyl amine ((CH3)2NH)

Ether

Example: Ethyl methyl ether

Aldehyde

Suffix -al
Example: CH3CH2CHO propanal

Ketone

Suffix -one
Examples: CH3(CO)CH3 propanone, 2-pentanone

Carboxylic Acid

Suffix -oic acid
Example: CH3COOH Ethanoic acid

Carboxylate ion

Suffix -ate ion
Example: CH3COO(-); Usually comes with cation as counterion; Example: Sodium butanoate (CH3CH2CH2COONa)

Ester

Examples: CH3COOCH3 Methyl ethanoate, CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 Ethyl ethanoate

Amide

Example: Primary: Propanamide (CH3CH2CONH2), Tertiary: N,N-dimethyl propanamide