In-depth Notes on Locke's Second Treatise (copy)

Who wrote the Second Treatise and in what year?

John Locke wrote the Second Treatise in 1689.

What was Locke's initial impact and later influence?

It initially had minimal impact but later influenced American founders.

What conspiracy was Locke implicated in?

Locke was implicated in the Rye House Plot against King Charles II.

What major philosophical work influenced Locke at Oxford?

Locke was influenced by Hobbes' 'Leviathan'.

How did critics like James Tyrrell view Locke?

Tyrrell characterized Locke negatively, calling him avaricious, vain, and timid.

What is the State of Nature according to Locke?

A condition where individuals are free and equal without common political authority.

What does freedom entail in the State of Nature?

It includes perfect freedom to act and dispose of possessions.

What is the Law of Nature?

It dictates that one must not harm another person's life, health, or property.

What is the principle of equality in the State of Nature?

Everyone has equal rights, with no one having authority over another.

What constitutes property according to Locke's thesis?

If an individual creates or cultivates something, that creation is their property.

How is property acquired according to Locke?

Property is attained by mixing labor with natural resources under certain conditions.

What are Locke's two conditions for acquiring property?

1. Leave enough and as good for others. 2. Do not spoil what is collected.

What role does punishment play in Locke's philosophy?

Punishment is necessary to uphold the law of nature; it cannot be arbitrary.

How do individuals transition from the State of Nature to government?

They relinquish some freedoms in exchange for protection and order.

What is the difference between tacit and express consent?

Tacit consent is implicit through participation; express consent is formal agreement.

What rights do citizens have concerning government power?

Citizens can withdraw consent from a government that violates laws or rights.

What triggers the right to withdraw consent from government?

Ignored rule of law, obstructed representatives, or forcibly restricted rights.

What are the key differences between Hobbes and Locke?

Differences lie in views on monarchy, personal judgment in nature, and rights alienation.

What does Hobbes advocate for?

A strong sovereign to maintain social order.

What does Locke support regarding government?

Government as a protector of natural rights derived from consent of the governed.