Studied by 5 people
Have Fun :P
9/11
Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon; led to a focus on eliminating terrorism.
Alfred Beveridge
He was an idealist who had the idea of social darwinism. He creates the big and best society in the 1880s-1900s in Central/South America. He did this with a plan to fix democracy.
Alfred T. Mahan
Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
America First
A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker.
Anti-War Movement
this was a protest movement that grew, especially on college campuses, during the Vietnam War
Appeasement
A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.
Arsenal of Democracy
Referred to America's Ability to supply its European allies with war supplies prior to the U.S. entry into WWII.
automobile industry
Stimulated highway construction, petroleum production, and other related industries.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs.
Beatniks
A United States youth subculture of the 1950s that rebelled against the mundane horrors of middle class life.
Berlin Airlift
airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
Bonus Army
Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash
Bootleggers
liquor smugglers
Brinkmanship
A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression.
Brown v. Board
Outlawed segregation in schools; overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson
buying on margin
paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
Caribbean
First area of Spanish exploration and settlement; served as experimental region for nature of Spanish colonial experience; encomienda system of colonial management initiated here.
Cash and Carry
policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
Causes of the Great Depression
credit buying, overproduction, less consumer spending, falling stocks
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.
Cesar Chavez
Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Consumerism
a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers
Containment
A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances
Criticisms of the New Deal
left wing: Not enough government involvement, taxes should be places on the wealthy, government should control the banks
Cuban Missile Crisis
The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
D-Day
Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944
Detente
A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.
Domino Theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
Dropping of the atomic bomb
During the final steps of World War II in 1945, the US under President Truman, conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan .
Dust Bowl
A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.
Economic reasons
issues relating to how people make money for their families; the production of goods and services
Election of 2000
Bush v. Gore; Bush won although Gore won popular vote; controversy over the final vote count in Florida; settled by Supreme Court decision in favor of Bush
Emmet Till
(August, 1955) Chicago Boy, 14 years old. Visiting family in Mississippi. At candy Store, Emmet says "Bye, baby," to the girl at the counter. Emmet is brutally murdered by 2 brothers, who confess to the crime and are aquitted.
ERA Amendment
that was proposed in 1982 that would give equality of rights regardless of sex,Congress passed it but it was never ratified by the states
Espionage Act
1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
an agency developed by the federal government to regulate banking and and investment activivties
Financial Crisis of 2008
a significant economic downturn that began with the housing mortgage market and ultimately led to high unemployment
Fireside Chats
informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
Flapper Movement
1920s; youth movement; sexual expression; increased interest in birth control
Flexible Response
the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons
Freedom Riders
Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation
Great Society
a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.
Gulf of Tonkin
Incident in 1964 that President Johnson used to justify increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Claim was that two U.S. ships had been attacked.
Hippies
Young people who rebelled against the mainstream culture of the 1960s
Holocaust
a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering
Hoovervilles
Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)
congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States
Immigration Quotas
Limitations on immigration that were passed by the U.S. government that established preferred immigration of those who were thought to be more "capable" and capable of success in the United States, while limited the immigration of those who were deemed "unnecessary."
Interstate Highway System
a network of high-speed roads built to make interstate travel faster and easier
Iran Hostage Crisis
a group of Iranians overran the American embassy in Iran's capital of Tehran and took 52 hostages
Iran-Contra Scandal
A major scandal of Reagan's second term that involved shipping arms to Iran to free hostages and diverting the money from the sale of these weapons to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
Iron Curtain
A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region
Island Hopping
the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
Isolationism
A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
Japanese Internment
Japanese and Japanese Americans were placed in camps beginning in 1942; upheld by Korematsu v. US
Jazz
A style of dance music popular in the 1920s
Korean War
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
Lend-Lease
allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."
Little Rock 9
1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision
MAIN causes of WWI
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
Malcolm X
Charismatic Black Muslim leader who promoted separatism in the early 1960s
Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
McCarthyism
The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Medicare
A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older
Military reasons
The US wanted to get naval bases around the world
MLK Jr.
Leader of the civil rights movement
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.
Nativism
A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
NATO/Warsaw Pact
Agreement between West European states to provide mutual assistance if any one of them was attacked. the Warsaw Pact was the military alliance including all Communist states
Neutrality Acts
4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents
New Federalism
system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states
New Frontier
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
Nuclear Arms Treaties
LTBT, SALT I, SALT II
Open Door Policy
A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
organized crime
a business supplying illegal goods or services
Pacific Islands
Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
Panama Canal
Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.
Patriot Act
This law passed after 9/11 expanded the tools used to fight terrorism and improved communication between law enforcement and intelligence agencies
Pearl Harbor
Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.
Pentagon Papers
Government documents that showed the public had been lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam
Propaganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
Queen Liliuokalani
the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests
Reagan Revolution
attempt to return America to the traditional values of church, family, and free enterprise
Red Scare
A period of general fear of communists
Relief, Recovery, Reform
the three goals of FDR's New Deal.
Rise of Dictators
because all of the desperation and depression, it was very easy for dictators to seize power.
Rough Riders
Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
Sacco and Venzetti
two men wrongly- accused of murder and robbery because they were radical anarchists immigrants, finally sentenced to death in 1927
Scopes Trial
1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools
Sinking of the Lusitania
Cruise ship that was sunk by German submarines and helped bring the US closer to involvement in WWI
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Social Security
federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people
soup kitchens and bread lines
places that provided free food during the great depression
Space Race
A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.
Speakeasies
Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally
Spy Cases
Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (circa 1947-1991) between the West (chief US, UK and NATO allies) and the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and aligned countries of Warsaw Pact).
Note 
Flashcard (30)