Music In civilization listening test #1

String Instruments

guitar, harp, violin

Woodwind Instruments

flute, clarinet

Brass Instruments

trumpet, horn, tuba

Percussion

drums, tambourine, maracas

Full Orchestra

everything

Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra

Texture= theme is homophonic and fugue is polyphonic

Timbre= not SATB choir, it is full orchestra

Rhythm= triple meter

Pitch= dissonance

Harmony= dissonance chord

Dynamics= crescendo

Form= theme + variations

Historical Period= the romantic period

Lin-Manual Miranda "My Shot" Hamilton

Texture= homophonic

Timbre= pop, rap, and gospel variations

Rhythm= duple, some syncopation

Pitch= consonant

Harmony= consonant harmony

Dynamics= crescendo

Form= verse-refrain

Historical Period= the classical period

(5th century) Anonymous, Viderunt Omnes ("All the Ends of the Earth") (Loud Men)

Texture= monophonic

Timbre= a cappella, melismatic

Rhythm= no beat/pulse/meter

Pitch= bass clef

Harmony= consonant harmony

Dynamics= decrescendo

Form= ABA (ternary form)

Historical Period= middle ages (medieval period) and organum genre

Hildegard O Viridissima Virga ("O Greenest Branch') (Slow Women)

Texture= monophonic

Timbre= a cappella, melismatic

Rhythm= no beat/pulse/meter

Pitch= treble clef

Harmony= consonant harmony

Dynamics= decrescendo

Form= no repetition

Historical Period= middle ages (medieval period) and organum genre

Léonin, the first section of Viderunt Omnes (Women + Men, "O")

Texture= polyphonic alternating with monophonic

Timbre= a cappella, melismatic

Rhythm= no beat/pulse/meter

Pitch= grand staff

Harmony= consonant harmony

Dynamics= decrescendo

Form= ABA (ternary form)

Historical Period= middle ages (medieval period) and organum genre

Pitch

height of sound

Intervals

distance between any 2 pitches

Consonant Interval

pleasant + harmonic interval

Dissonant Interval

harsh interval

Melody

succession of pitches with a memorable shape

Key

the major or minor mode of a composition

Major (8 pitches)

a diatonic scale with half steps between E + F (3 and 4) and B + C (7 and 8)

Minor (8 pitches)

a diatonic scale with half steps between D + E (2 and 3) and G + A (5 and 6)

Chromatic Scales

the western scale in which the octave is divided into 12 half steps

Rhythm

organization of sounds and durations of pitches and silences

Duple Meter

2 beats per measure

Strong Beats (Duple Meter)

1 and 3 beat

Weak Beats (Duple Meter)

2 and 4 beat

Triple Meter

3 beats per measure

Strong Beats (Triple Meter)

1 and 4 beat

Weak Beats (Triple Meter)

2 and 3 beat

Compound Meter

subdivide beats into smaller grouping of 3

Syncopation

disrupting the meter by placing stresses off the downbeat

Tempo

speed of a musical composition

Presto

very fast

Allegro

fast

Moderato

moderately

Andante

moderately slow

Adagio

slow

Lento

slow

Dynamics

loudness or softness of a pitch

Crescendo

growing louder

Decrescendo/ Diminuendo

becoming softer

pp

"pianissimo" very soft

p

"piano" soft

mp

"mezzo piano" half soft

mf

"mezzo forte" half loud

f

"forte" loud

ff

"fortissimo" very loud

Harmony

vertical combinations of pitches to produce chords

Chord

2 or more notes sounded simultaneously

Timbre

(tone color) the quality of sound that differentiates one instrument from another

Verse-Refrain Form

(AABA) one or 2 lines repeated at the beginning or end of the verse tying song together

Monophonic

one single melody line

Homophonic

single melody supported by chords

Polyphonic

several sounding lines

Gregorian Chant/ Plain Song/ Plain Chant

monophonic chant used in early roman catholic church

Unison

(together) interval formed when 2 voices perform same pitch

Responsorial

soloist answered by a choir

Melismatic

(text setting) several notes sung to one syllable of text

Syllabic

(text setting) one syllable of text has one note