MCQ: Chapter 1 Practice Test

Anatomy is best defined as the scientific discipline that:

Investigates the structure of the body and the relationship between structure and function

Which statement best distinguishes anatomy from physiology?

Anatomy studies structure, while physiology studies functions and processes

Which example BEST illustrates how anatomical structure supports function?

Collagen fibers provide skin with strength and flexibility

Which of the following is an example of an external stimulus?

Sudden bright light causing pupil constriction

Low blood sugar is detected by chemoreceptors and results in hunger. This example BEST demonstrates:

An internal chemical stimulus triggering a behavioral response

The rapid constriction of pupils in response to bright light protects the retina and is initiated by:

Photoreceptors

Studying the heart, lungs, and nerves within the thoracic region at the same time is an example of:

Regional anatomy

Which approach to anatomy focuses on body systems such as the muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems?

Systemic anatomy

Surface anatomy is MOST useful for:

Identifying external landmarks to locate deeper structures

Which method is considered non-invasive and allows visualization of internal body structures?

Anatomical imaging

Which of the following technologies is included under anatomical imaging?

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging.)

A key principle of physiology is that body structures are:

Dynamic and constantly functioning

Which of the following is NOT one of the two major goals of physiology?

 Predicting changes in anatomical structure

Which level of organization determines the structural and functional characteristics of all organisms?

Chemical

A mitochondrion belongs to which level of organization?

Cellular

Which level of organization consists of two or more tissue types working together?

Organ

The coordinated interaction between the digestive and cardiovascular systems BEST represents:

Organ-system level coordination

A tissue is defined as:

A group of similar cells and surrounding materials

Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?

Skeletal

Which system is primarily responsible for protection, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production?

Integumentary

Which skeletal system function is correctly matched?

Blood cell production

The command center of the human body is the:

Nervous system

The adrenal medulla primarily secretes:

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which hormone group is classified as catecholamines?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which system is MOST directly involved in fluid balance, immune response, and fat absorption?

Lymphatic

The ability to use energy to perform vital functions is called:

Metabolism

Sweating in response to heat BEST illustrates:

Responsiveness

Differentiation refers to:

Change from generalized to specialized cells

Homeostasis refers to:

Maintenance of internal conditions within a narrow range

Variables in homeostasis include:

Temperature, volume, and chemical content

Negative feedback is BEST described as a mechanism that:

Returns a variable toward its normal range

In a negative-feedback loop, the receptor:

Detects a stimulus

Which structure typically acts as the control center for temperature regulation?

Hypothalamus

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because it:

Amplifies the original stimulus

Why are positive-feedback mechanisms generally harmful?

They lack an internal stopping mechanism

Which is a BENEFICIAL positive-feedback example?

Blood clotting

During childbirth, oxytocin release results in:

Increased uterine contractions

A person lying face upward is described as:

Supine

Which term means toward or near the point of attachment?

Proximal

A sagittal plane divides the body into:

Left and right

 The mediastinum is located within the:

Thoracic cavity

Which cavity surrounds the lungs?

 Pleural

The visceral layer of a serous membrane:

Covers the organ surface

Which structure helps anchor abdominal organs and provide pathways for nerves and vessels?

Mesenteries

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

Kidney