Musculoskeletal Disorders and Bone Health Lecture

These flashcards cover essential terminology and concepts related to musculoskeletal disorders, bone health, and injury management, primarily for nursing students.

Musculoskeletal System

The system consisting of muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

Osteogenesis

The biological process of bone formation.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells responsible for new bone tissue formation.

Osteocytes

Mature osteoblasts that help maintain bone density and homeostasis.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue to release minerals.

Bone Remodeling

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.

Calcium and Vitamin D

Essential nutrients for maintaining bone health.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.

Types of Bones

Cortical (dense) and cancellous (spongy) bones.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones in a joint.

Tendons

Connective tissues that connect muscles to bones.

Muscle Atrophy

The wasting or loss of muscle tissue due to inactivity.

Contractures

A condition in which muscles shorten, leading to stiffness.

Kyphosis

An abnormal curvature of the spine, often leading to a hunchback appearance.

Lordosis

An exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine.

Scoliosis

A sideways curvature of the spine that can occur during growth spurts.

Sprains

Injuries to ligaments caused by overstretching or tearing.

Strains

Injuries to muscles or tendons caused by overstretching or tearing.

Fracture

A break in the continuity of a bone.

Open Fracture

A fracture in which the bone breaks through the skin.

Closed Fracture

A fracture in which the bone does not break the skin.

Transverse Fracture

A fracture that occurs straight across the bone shaft.

Oblique Fracture

A fracture that occurs at an angle to the bone shaft.

Spiral Fracture

A fracture that occurs when a twisting force is applied to the bone.

Greenstick Fracture

An incomplete fracture usually seen in children.

Compression Fracture

A fracture caused by pressure on the bone, often seen in the spine.

Inflammatory Response

The body's response to injury involving swelling and pain.

Passive Range of Motion

The movement of a joint through its range without muscle contraction.

Active Range of Motion

The movement of a joint through its range with muscle contraction.

Neurovascular Assessment

An evaluation to check for nerve and blood vessel function in injured extremities.

CT Scan

A diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize internal structures.

MRI

A diagnostic procedure used to create detailed images of organs and tissues.

EMG

An electromyography test that assesses muscle health and nerve damage.

Complications of Fractures

Potential issues that can arise from fractures, such as infection or poor healing.

Bone Cement

Material used to stabilize or fixate bone during surgery.

External Fixator

A device used to stabilize broken bones from outside the body.

Bone Stimulator

A device used to promote bone growth in healing fractures.

Physical Therapy

A treatment method designed to promote movement and function after injuries.

Episodic Muscle Overuse

Injury caused by excessive use of muscles beyond their capacity.

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A type of bone cancer that typically occurs in adolescents.

Bone Health Factors

Elements that contribute to maintaining effective bone density and function.

Parathyroid Hormone

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels.

Thyroid Hormones

Hormones that play a crucial role in bone metabolism.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Conditions that increase the likelihood of developing weak bones.

Stress Fracture

A small crack in a bone that occurs from repetitive stress.

Chronic Pain Syndromes

Long-term pain conditions that can occur after musculoskeletal injuries.

Healing Process Stages

The sequential stages the body undergoes to repair a fracture.