Preventive Health Programs

Six life stages in cats

•Kitten (0 to 6 months)

•Junior (7 months to 2 years)

•Adult (3 to 6 years)

•Mature (7 to 10 years)

•Senior (11 to 14 years)

•Geriatric

11-14 years

senior

7-10 years

mature

3-6 years

adult

7 months to 2 years

junior

0-6 months

kitten

initial visit in Puppies and Kittens ___ to ______

6 to 8 weeks old

wellness visits every _______________

3 to 4 weeks until 16 weeks

•A lot of information is discussed with the owner during the initial visit, so in many practices extra time is designated for this visit.

•For kittens, the initial visit often involves performing a blood test to check for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).

After 1-year boosters have been administered, many core vaccines are recommended to be administered __________.

every 3 years

After the initial visit, puppies and kittens are examined one or two more times at _______________. During these visits, the pet is reexamined and receives booster vaccinations.

3- to 4-week intervals.

According to current American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)-American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Canine and Feline Preventive Health Guidelines, dogs and cats should be examined annually, with some animals requiring more frequent examinations, based on the needs of each individual patient.

•Physical examination remains one of the most important aspects of these visits.

know

cat life spans

11-14 years

senior

For kittens, the initial visit often involves ___________________.

performing a blood test to check for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).

cat life spans

15 years and older

geriatric

dog life spans

last 25% of predicted life span

senior

Wellness checks __________ for seniors

every 6 months

It is recommended that wellness visits be scheduled ________ for senior and geriatric dogs and cats.

every 6 months

active immunity

A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.

•Passive immunity (short-lived)

•Maternal antibodies

•Colostrum

•Intravenous (IV) infusion of antibody-rich plasma

small animal immunity

In dogs and cats, antibodies are transferred almost entirely via the consumption of _________, which the neonate must ingest within the first 24 hours after birth.

colostrum

Colostrum

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

passive immunity comes from

their mom

•Active immunity

•Antigens

•Vaccination (puppies and kittens: every 3 to 4 weeks until 16 weeks)

•Immunologic memory

small animal immunity

•In dogs and cats, antibodies are transferred almost entirely via the consumption of colostrum, which the neonate must ingest within the first 24 hours after birth.

•Multiple factors contribute to the timing of when passive immunity is lost and when the animal is immunocompetent, making it difficult to know the precise times when the animal is immunologically vulnerable to disease and when its immune system is mature enough to mount an active immune response to immunization.

Certain vaccines are administered to puppies and kittens every ______________, the goal being to vaccinate the animal at the earliest possible opportunity to stimulate active immunity.

3 to 4 weeks until they are 16 weeks of age

are substances that, when added to a noninfectious vaccine, stimulate a stronger immune response in the animal; the adjuvant has no immunologic effect of its own.)

Adjuvants

Whole (killed) pathogens or subunits

Noninfectious vaccines

Pathogens altered so as not to cause disease but still infect host cells to stimulate immunity

Infectious vaccines

disadvantages of noninfectious vaccines

Antigen may be inadequate (requires addition of adjuvants as boost); possible hypersensitivity

advantage of noninfectious vaccines

Unable to cause the disease

advantage of infectious vaccines

Stimulate immunity more naturally and efficaciously

disadvantage of infectious vaccines

Some types can cause the disease

After 1-year boosters have been administered, many core vaccines are recommended to be administered ________

every 3 years

All dogs and cats should receive the same designated vaccine dose, per manufacturer recommendations, regardless of the age or size of the animal.

true

Infectious vaccines tend to lack stability and are _______________ to support vaccine efficacy and to extend the stability of the vaccine.

lyophilized (freeze-dried)

______ vaccines tend to lack stability

Infectious

Noninfectious vaccines are more stable than infectious vaccines and _____________

can be sold and stored in liquid form.

The ____ of vaccine administration should always be recorded in the medical record.

site

Intranasal vaccines should never be administered _____________.

subcutaneously or intramuscularly

subcutaneous

under the skin

transdermal

through the skin

intramuscular

into the muscle

intranasal

within the nose

Core vaccinations are recommended for all animals of a particular species because ________________.

they provide protection against highly contagious common pathogens

In many cases, _________ provide a longer duration of immunity than noninfectious vaccines.

infectious vaccines

It generally takes longer for immunity to develop after administration of a ____________ than after administration of an infectious vaccination.

noninfectious vaccination

2020 AAFP recommend FeLV be considered core in cats younger than 1 year old

true

core vaccines for feline

•Feline combination: FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis [herpesvirus], calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus)

•Rabies

noncore vaccines feline

•Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

•Chlamydophila felis

•Bordetella bronchiseptica

•Feline coronavirus (FCoV)

•Giardia lamblia

Necessary for all animals

core vaccines

•Not necessary for all animals

•May be indicated in some situations

•Some not recommended at all

Noncore (elective) vaccines

rabies (cats) caused by a __________

rhabdovirus

•Caused by a rhabdovirus

•Pathogenesis (nervous system symptoms)

•Reportable disease

•Monitor local or regional requirements

•Core vaccine

Rabies Vaccination (Cats)

Veterinary health care team members must be aware of local or regional rabies immunization laws before administering the vaccination.

true

The American Association of Feline Practitioners recommends that the feline rabies vaccine be administered _____________________

subcutaneously in the right hind leg, distal to the stifle.

In the case of ________, the vaccine does not provide protection against all strains.

calicivirus

Feline rhinotracheitis virus and calicivirus are ___________________

common causes of upper respiratory disease in cats.

"Feline distemper"

Feline Panleukopenia

what causes Feline Panleukopenia

Parvovirus

Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea. Sudden death is also possible.

Feline Panleukopenia

_____________ is highly contagious and is commonly found in the environment; cats of all ages are susceptible.

Feline panleukopenia

•It is recommended that cats test negative for FeLV before vaccination.

•It is recommended that cats receiving the FIV vaccine also receive a microchip identification to increase the likelihood that the cat will be returned to the owner and will not be euthanized because of its false-positive FIV test result.

Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

The American Association of Feline Practitioners recommends that the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine be administered ______________

subcutaneously in the left hind leg, distal to the stifle.

subcutaneously in the left hind leg, distal to the stifle

feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine be administered

Other Noncore (Elective) Vaccines for Cats

•Chlamydophila felis vaccine

•Feline Bordetella vaccine

•Feline coronavirus (FCoV)

•Feline Giardia vaccine

canine core vaccines

•Rabies

•Canine distemper virus (CDV)

•Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2)

•Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)

canine noncore vaccines

•Canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV)

•Leptospirosis

•Bordetella bronchiseptica

•Borrelia burgdorferi

•Canine influenza

•Canine coronavirus (CCoV)

Rabies Vaccination (Dogs)

•Caused by a rhabdovirus

•Pathogenesis (nervous system symptoms)

•Reportable disease

•Monitor local or regional requirements

•Core vaccine

The disease has been associated with neurologic signs, such as seizures, ataxia, paresis, and hyperesthesia.

Canine Distemper

•Caused by paramyxovirus

•Pathogenesis of disease

•Core vaccine

•Vaccination choices

•Measles vaccination

Canine Distemper

Dogs of any age may be affected; however, young dogs are most at risk.

Canine Distemper

__________ can provide some temporary cross-protection against canine distemper virus in puppies.

Measles vaccine

_______ is one of the causes of kennel cough.

Canine adenovirus type 2

The injectable modified live vaccine using CAV-2 rarely causes any side effects and induces protection against CAV-1 and CAV-2.

true

•Pathogenesis of disease

•Core vaccine

•Vaccination with adenovirus-2

•Vaccine often combined with canine distemper, canine parvovirus, and canine parainfluenza to create DHPP or DA2PP vaccine

Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV-2)

herpes

rhinotracheitis

•Pathogenesis of disease

•Core vaccine

•Virus shedding after vaccination

Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2)

Certain breeds, such as Doberman Pinschers and Rottweilers, have an increased incidence of the disease.

Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2)

Canine parvoviral enteritis is a serious, highly contagious disease. The virus is resistant to many disinfectants and is able to survive in the environment for weeks to months. Infected patients must be housed in designated isolation areas during hospitalization.

true

The main clinical sign of the disease is a self-limiting cough, which is typically nonproductive.

Canine Parainfluenza

•Part of kennel cough complex

•Noncore vaccine (but may be combined with distemper and adenovirus type 2 core vaccines to create DA2PP)

•Vaccination

•Included in DA2PP (core)

Canine Parainfluenza

feLV is noncore because_______

false positives

Many ___________ can cause leptospirosis. The vaccine provides protection against four of the most common ones.

serovars

Intranasal Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines are often preferred over injectable forms of the vaccine because _______________

they stimulate both local and systemic immunity.

•Kennel cough complex

•Noncore vaccine

•Vaccination choices

Bordetella bronchiseptica

______________ helps protect against Lyme disease but is recommended only for dogs living in areas where the risk is high.

Borrelia burgdorferi

•Borrelia burgdorferi

•Canine influenza

•Canine coronavirus

Other Noncore Vaccines for Dogs

canine leptospirosis

an acute infectious disease most commonly caused by ingestion of urine-contaminated water

Bordetella bronchiseptica

kennel cough in dogs

where do vaccines go for Bordetella bronchiseptica

intranasal