Robotics Hardware and Communication Interfaces: Key Components and Protocols

DIO

Reads or sends simple on/off signals for switches or sensors.

RS-232

Sends data back and forth with older serial devices.

I²C

Lets smart sensors share data using two wires.

CAN

Connects motor controllers and sensors on the same two wires for communication.

Power Connector

Supplies the main 7-16 V power to the roboRIO.

USB Device Port

Connects to a computer for programming or setup.

USB Mounting Port

Lets you plug in a flash drive for storing data or programs.

USB Host Ports

Used for plugging in cameras or extra USB devices.

Ethernet Port

Links the roboRIO to the robot radio and driver station.

SPI

Communicates quickly with sensors that need fast data transfer.

LEDs

Show power, status, and error information.

PWM

Controls motors and servos by changing signal timing.

MXP Expansion Port

Adds more places to plug in sensors or controllers.

MXP Mount

Holds the MXP board securely in place.

Buttons

Used to reset or restart the roboRIO.

Analog Input

Reads changing voltage levels from sensors like dials or distance sensors.

Relay

Turns certain devices completely on or off.

RSL Port

Connects the flashing robot signal light that shows robot status.