General Chemistry I - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to molecular geometry and bonding theories, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Valence Bond Theory

A theory that describes how atomic orbitals overlap to form covalent bonds between atoms.

Molecular Geometry

The general shape of a molecule, determined by the relative positions of its atomic nuclei.

Molecular Orbital Theory

A theory that describes the distribution of electrons in molecules using molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals.

Electron-Pair Repulsion

The phenomenon where electron pairs, whether bonding or nonbonding, repel each other, influencing molecular shape.

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model

A model that predicts the shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Electron Domains

Regions around the central atom of a molecule where electrons are found or directed.

Hybrid Orbitals

Orbitals that are formed by mixing atomic orbitals to create new orbitals of equal energy.

Sigma (σ) Bond

A type of covalent bond formed by head-to-head overlap of atomic orbitals.

Pi (π) Bond

A type of covalent bond formed by side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals.

Bond Angle

The angle formed between two adjacent bonds in a molecule.

Dipole Moment

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, which contributes to its polarity.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds.

Nonbonding Pairs

Pairs of electrons that are not involved in bonding and can influence the geometry of a molecule.