Unit 2: Industrial Revolution

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain (England).

Which development is NOT a social impact of the Industrial Revolution?

Purely economic factors (like GDP growth) or mechanical inventions.

Which invention powered early trains and boats?

The steam engine (James Watt).

What natural resource powered early locomotives and engines?

Coal.

In the political cartoon of the child-driven chariot, who does the driver represent?

Exploited child labor.

What is a major benefit of worker unions?

Collective bargaining for better pay, shorter hours, and safer conditions.

What were most people before the Industrial Revolution?

Rural farmers.

What do you call a person who starts a business with their own money?

An entrepreneur.

What is urbanization?

The rapid movement of people from the countryside to cities.

Which invention increased textile production by allowing faster spinning?

The spinning jenny or the water frame.

How did the factory system change family life?

Work moved outside the home, separating families and requiring long hours for everyone.

What living conditions did many industrial workers face?

Overcrowded, unsanitary, and disease-ridden housing (tenements).

Why were children used in factories?

They were cheap, small enough to fix machines, and easy to control.

Why did labor unions organize?

To fight against low pay, long hours, and dangerous working conditions.

What improvements came from labor strikes?

Laws that banned child labor and set minimum wages/maximum hours.

What natural resource helped Britain industrialize rapidly?

Large deposits of coal and iron ore.

What did mass production lead to?

Cheaper goods and the growth of a consumer society.

How did industrialization change transportation?

It created faster ways to move goods via steamships and railroads.

What economic system grew stronger because of the Industrial Revolution?

Capitalism.

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism?

Nations needed new sources of raw materials and markets to sell their finished goods.