Organic Chem Test 2

Exam October 3, over ch 4.1- 4.15, 5.1-5.13, all of ch 6

Brief review on nomenclature: meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec, undec, Dedec, icosane, triacontane

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,20,30

Alkyl groups

CH3 Methyl

Propyl, ch3ch2ch2

Butyl, CH3CH2Ch2Ch2

Ethyl, CH3Ch2

Isopropyl, (CH3)2CH [iso included in alphabetizing]

Isobutyl, (CH3)2CHCH2

Sec-Butyl, CH3CH2CHCh3 [IGNORE THE SEC WHEN ALPHABETIZING]

Text-Butyl (ch3)3C- [IGNORE THE TERT WHEN ALPHABETIZING]

Naming Cycloalkanes

• Assign the lower # to the first branch alphabetically

• Rotate around to give the branches the lowest possible numbers

• If branches are the same, start where the branches will add to have the lowest number possible

Confirmations of acyclic alkanes! Double and triple bonds do not ___ single bonds do. They can be __(line up) or__(bisecting)

Spin, eclipsed, staggered (more stable)

Cyclohexanes: when the larger molecule is ___ it is more stable

Equatorial.[put bulky groups on equitorial]

Wedges and dashes when putting into chair notation

Wedges mean up and dashes mean down. [in normal notation dashes are going into the page away from you, and wedges are coming towards you but this is for putting them into a chair :]

Oxidation

Increasing number of C-O bonds / decreasing number of C-H bonds

Reduction

Decreasing number of C-O bonds, Increasing number of C-H bonds

Constitutional isomers

Same molecular formula, different name. [life hack! Drop this class:) also if it’s an alkane hydrocarbon you can quickly figure out the # of hydrogens by doing, (Carbon x 2 )+2 =hydrogen . So like here it’s C6 X2 = 12+2=14]

Stereoisomers

Same molecular formula, same name, different prefix Possible prefixes include: R,S,Cis,Trans

Hands 🖐🤚

Not superimposable, Chiral, one stereocenter, enantiomers

Marker 🖋✒

Superimposable, achiral, no stereocenter

Naming enantiomers R or S

• assign priorities based on atomic #, most protons=lowest number

• If 2 atoms are the same, assign based on the atomic # of the atoms bonded to it

• -its that if 2 isotopes are bonded to the sterogenic center, assign based on decreasing mass number like deuterium is heavier than just H so higher priority but she will not test this one-

• Treat atoms with double or triple bonds as them having another atom attached (treat bonds like another atom) this one does get tested

Naming R-S steps

1. Assign priority

2. (If lowest priority is in the back) draw an arrow going from 1 → 3 “clocks are Right” clockwise is R-configuration and counterclockwise is S-configuration (flip these rules id lowest priority is up front)