Science 3

For my class!!

What are the 6 characteristics of life?

organization, growth and development, reproduction, responses to stimuli, homeostasis, and energy.

Using the definitions for the characteristics of life, explain why a chair is not a living thing?

It is not organized, does not grow or develop, does not have reproduction to make more organisms, does not have organisms to respond to changes in the environment. does not have an organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions. Everything that an organism does needs energy.

Organization

How something is set up. Unicellular organisms are cells that are made up of only one cell. Multicellular organisms are living things that are made up of 2 or more cells.

Growth and development

as the characteristic states, all living organisms grow and develop. Unicellular organisms grow as the cell increases in size. Multicellular organisms grow as the number of cells increase.

Reproduction

This is the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms.

Responses to stimuli

this is when organisms respond to environmental changes.

Homeostasis

organisms ability to maintain steady and internal conditions.

Energy

Everything an organism does needs this.

What is the cell theory?

Animal and plant cells are similar. This states that all living things were made of one, or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.

Who contributed to the cell theory?

Schleidon, Schwann and Virchow.

Why is water important to cells?

It makes up 70% of a cell's volume and is essential for life. Substances need to be in water to move in and out of the cell.

What are the 4 macromolecules discussed in class? In one sentence, explain why they are important (in other words, what do they do for cells)?

nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. These keep the cells alive.

Cell membrane

This is a covering that is flexible that protects the inside of the cell from the environment outside the cell.

Cell wall

This is found only in plant cells and it is the stiff structure outside the cell membrane.

Cell appendages

This can be arms, legs, claws and antennas. This is used for movement.

Cytoplasm

A fluid inside a cell that contains molecules and salts. Most water is found in this.

Cytoskeleton

This is a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together. The proteins form a framework inside a cell, giving its shape and helps it move.

Nucleus

This is the eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA.

Chloroplast

This is where photosynthesis takes place. This contains chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll

Green Pigment that captures the energy from sunlight.

Central vacuoles

This is an organelle that sustains the pressure within a cell against the cell wall.

Golgi apparatus

This is involved in distributing synthesized micromolecules in various parts of the cell.

Ribosomes

This is comprised of RNA and protein. RNA is the “recipe” to create proteins.

Mitochondria

This provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates and sugar molecules. This is considered the powerhouse of the cell.

Lysosomes

This performs the function of cellular waste disposal. They digest worn-out organelles, forein bodies of the cell and food particles. 

Endoplasmic reticulum

This is a structure that transports proteins, glycogens and other compounds.

Centrioles

This helps with cell division during cell replication. This is animal cells only.

Vesicles

This is part of the transportation system of the cell.

prokaryotes

Some unicellular organisms are called this. Prokaryotic cells are not surrounded by a membrane.

Eukaryotes

Plants, animals, fungi and protists are made up of eukaryotic cells .Eukaryotic cells have a membrane and other structures called organelles, which have specialized functions.