Pelvis and Pelvic Wall

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the pelvis and pelvic wall, as discussed in the lecture notes.

Pelvic inlet

The boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis.

Pelvic floor

A fibromuscular structure that separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineum below.

False pelvis

The portion of the pelvis located superior to the pelvic inlet, containing the distal part of the intestines.

True pelvis

The portion of the pelvis located between the pelvic inlet and outlet, including the pelvic cavity.

Sacroiliac joint

Joint connecting the sacrum and ilium, stabilized by anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments.

Pubic symphysis

The joint where the two pubic bones meet, allowing minimal movement except during pregnancy.

Levator ani

A group of muscles forming the pelvic diaphragm, important for maintaining fecal continence.

Coccygeus muscle

A small triangular muscle that supports the pelvic viscera and flexes the coccyx.

Obturator internus

A fan-shaped muscle originating around the obturator foramen, leaving the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.

Piriformis

A muscle originating between the anterior sacral foramina, leaving the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen.

Ischium

The posteroinferior part of the hip bone.

Acetabulum

The articulation point where the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet, forming the hip joint.

Sacrotuberous ligament

A ligament that stabilizes the sacrum on the pelvic bones and converts sciatic notches into foramina.

Pubic arch

The structure formed by the inferior aspects of the pubic bones, which has a different angle in males and females.

Ischial tuberosity

A bony prominence on the ischium that serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

perineum

inferior to floor of cavity as it forms outlet

pelvic inlet boundaries 

are defined by the arcuate line, the pectineal line, and the pubic symphysis.

pelvic outlet boundaries 

are defined by the sacrum, coccyx, ischial tuberosities, and pubic arch.

false pelvis

is the portion of the pelvis above the pelvic brim, which supports abdominal organs and is not involved in childbirth.

true pelvis

the portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim, containing the pelvic cavity and related structures important for childbirth and the passage of the fetus.

pelvic gurdle

ilium, ischium, and pubis that form the hip bones.

pelvic spine

sacrum and coccyx

acetabulum

the cup-shaped socket in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur, allowing for joint mobility.

arcuate line

the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis.

below is true above is false

ilium has 4 protrusions

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

greater sciatic foramen

7 nerves 3 pairs of vessels and 1 muscle

ischium

a bone that forms the lower part of the pelvis and contributes to the hip joint.

lesser sciatic notch

anterior of lesser sciatic foramen

passage for pudundal nerves and vessels to obturator internes

sacrotuberours and sacrospinal ligaments 

ligaments that connect the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and spine, respectively, providing pelvic stability.

pubis

small body ahh bone with two rami

articulate at symphysis pubis

sacrum

5 fused sacral bones forming the posterior part of the pelvis, connecting the spine to the iliac bones.

joints of sacrum

lumbosacral joint

sacroiliac joint

sacrococcygeal joint

pubic symphysis

muscles of hips

obturator internus

piriformis

obturator internus

fan shaped muscle originating from the arch of a the obturator foramen and leaving through lesser sciatic foramen

pisiforms

between anterior sacral foramina leaving through the greater sciatic foramen

male pelvis

heart inlet

acute arch angle

more sacral concavity

narrow ischial spine projection

female pelvis

oval inlet

obtuse arch angle

less sacral concavity

wide ischial spine projection

pelvic floor 

structure of muscles and fascia that support pelvic organs such as the bladder and uterus.

pelvic diaphragm

made of levator ani and coccygeus muscles and fascia 

two gaps in pelvic floor

urogenital hiatus and rectal hiatus

perineal body

fibrous node connecting pelvic floor to perineum

levator ani muscles

pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus

puborectalis

a muscle of the levator ani that forms a sling around the rectum, helping to maintain fecal continence.

pubococcygeus

a muscle of the levator ani that supports pelvic organs and contributes to pelvic floor strength.

iliococcygeus

a muscle of the levator ani that helps support pelvic organs and maintain pelvic floor integrity.

coccygeus muscle

posterior to levator ani group

from ischial spines to inferior sacrum

supports pelvic viscera and flexes coccyx

innervated by S45

levator ani innervations

all are pudundal nerve innervations