Human Anatomy & Phyisology 7

What are the two principals divisions of the skeletal system?

Axial

Appendicular

How many bones does the axial skeleton have?

80 bones; 40% percent of the bones

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

Skull

Bone associated with the skull

Thoracic cage

Vertebral column

How many bones does the appendicular skeleton have?

126 bones

What is the appendicular skeleton primarily concerned with?

Movement

Appendages that attach to the central skeleton

What are the bones to the appendicular skeleton?

Pectoral Girdle (4)

Upper limbs (60)

Pelvic Girdle (4)

Lower limbs (60)

How many bones does the skull have?

8 cranial bones

14 facial bones

How many bones are associated with the skull?

6 auditory ossicles

Hyoid bone

How many bones does the thoracic cage have?

Sternum

24 ribs

How many bones does the vertebral column have?

24 vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Provides attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton

Provides attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk

Provides attachment for muscles involved in breathing

Provides protection for the brain and spinal cord

What are the cranial bones of the skull?

Occipital

Parietal

Frontal

Temporal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

What are the face bones of the skull?

Maxillae

Palatine bones

Nasal bones

Inferior nasal conchae

Zygomatic bones

Lacrimal bones (most smallest)

Vomer

Mandible (supports lower teeth)

What are the associated bones to the skull?

Hyoid bone

Auditory ossicles

What is the hard palate of the roof of the mouth mostly formed by?

The palatine processes of the maxillae

What is the zygomatic arch formed by?

Articulation of processes from temporal and zygomatic

What is the function of hyoid bone?

Attaches to tongue muscles

Superior to the larynx

What is special about the hyoid bone?

Does not contact with another bone

What are the regions of the vertebral column?

Cervical (C1 - C7)

Thoracic (T-1 - T-12)

Lumbar (L1 - L5)

Sacral

Coccygeal

What is the function of the cervical curve?

Develops as the infant learns to balance the weight of its head on the vertebrae of the neck

What is the function of the thoracic curve?

Provides room for the thoracic organs

What is the function of the lumbar curve?

Balance the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs

Develops with the ability to stand

What is the function of the sacral curve?

Provides room for various abdominopelvic organs

What is the thoracic cage?

1-7 are called “True ribs”

8-12 are called “False ribs”

11 and 12 do not attach to the sternum

What does the sternum consist of?

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid process

What does the superior parts of the sternum and manubrium articulate with?

Clavicles

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Clavicle

Scapula

What is the clavicle?

“S” shaped flat bone

What is the sternal end of the clavicle?

The medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum, forming the sternoclavicular joint

What is the acromial end of the clavicle?

Lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the acromioclavicular joint

What is the acroion?

Surface that articulates with the clavicle

What is the clavicular facet of the scapular bone marking?

Articulating region with clavicle

What is the coracoid process?

Muscle attachment and articulation with head of humorous

What is the glenoid cavity?

Ball joint articulating region with head of humerus

What is the subscapular fossa?

Attachment for many muscles associated with the pectoral region

What is the medial border?

Close to the spinal column

What is the lateral border?

Of the axilla (arm pit)

What bone does not articulate with the spinal column?

Scapula

What are the upper limbs?

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpal Bones

Metacarpal Bones

Phalanges

What is the head of the humerus?

Articulates with the Pectoral Girdle

What is the intertubercular groove (sulcus)?

Attaches the bicep brachii tendon for muscle attachment

What is are the condyles?

Distal end of humerus - articulating region with the radius and ulna

What is the fossas?

Depressions in the distal end of the humerus

Blood vessels and nerve grooves

What are the 2 forearm bones?

Radius and Ulna

What are the radius and ulna bound by?

Interosseous ligament

What are the right and left sides of the hip bones?

Os coxae

Where is the os coxae joined posteriorly?

Sacrum

Where is the os coxae joined anteriorly?

Pubic symphysis (made of fibrocartilage)

What are the greater and lesser trochanters?

Projections where large muscles attach

What is the neck of the femur?

Transitions the head of the body to the diaphysis of shaft

What are is the head of the femur?

Projects off the proximal epiphysis of the bone

What is the patella?

Sesamoid bone in the body

Thick articular hyaline cartilage lines the posterior surface

What is the tibia?

Largest and bears all the weight

What is the ankle (tarsus) made of?

7 tarsal bones

Arrange to form the ankle mortise, heel and arches

What is the calcaneus?

Largest and strongest tarsal bone and forms the heel

What does the cuboid articulate with?

Anterior surface of the calcaneus