⋆˙⟡ chemistry formulae

moles (from mass) !

mass (g) ÷ molar mass (g/mol)

moles (from concentration/volume) !

concentration (mol/dm³) x volume (dm³)

moles of gas at room temp/pressure !

volume (dm³) = moles x 24

concentration !

mass of solute (g) ÷ volume of solvent (dm³)

percentage yield !

(actual yield ÷ theoretical yield) x 100

atom economy !

(mass of desired product ÷ total mass of reactants ) x 100

electrolysis !

charge (C) = current (A) x Time (s)

rate of reaction !

amount of reactant used/product formed ÷ time taken

equilibrium constant !

products ÷ reactants

chromatography !

distance moved by substance ÷ distance moved by solvent

energy change in a reaction !

total energy to break bonds in reactants - total energy released from products

Avogardo’s number

6.02×10²³

cm³ to dm³

number x 1000