Anatomy and physiology from work book

a pregnant mare has what kind of placenta

diffuse

which hormone contracts the female repro tract to help move spermatozoa into the oviducts

oxytocin

a pregnant queen has what kind of placenta

zonary

the control of color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians are associated with

• MSH

• FSH

• TSH

MSH

the muscular sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is called the

pylorus

dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle

diestrous

functions the animal does not have to control are influenced by the

• autonomic nervous system

• somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves are anatomically part of which nervous system

• Somatic Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous System

peripheral nervous system

sensory nerves are considered

• afferent nerves

• efferent nerves

afferent nerves (travel from body to CNS)

(efferent nerves are motor nerves - travel from CNS to the body)

when a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization it has reached

threshold

what happens w/in the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective

• Sodium channels become blocked

• calcium channels become blocked

• potassium channels become blocked

Na channels become blocked

smooth muscle can be found in the

• stomach

• bladder

• heart

• all

stomach

which muscle cells have single nuclei

• skeletal

• smooth

• cardiac

• A and B

• A and C

• all

skeletal and smooth

cattle and swine have what type of estrous cycle

polyestrous

which stage of the estrous cycle does the Corpus luteum develop

• Metestrus

• Diestrus

• Follicular Phase

metestrus

which rxn is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation

• decreased BP

• decreased RR

• dilated pupils

• pinpoint pupils

dilated pupils

what is the hormone that is produced by the developing ovarian follicle

• estrogen

• progesterone

• oxytocin

estrogen

from the estrous cycle to parturition, what are the hormones produce and in what order

• estrogen, oxytocin, progesterone

• progesterone, estrogen, oxytocin

• oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone

• estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

how many mammary glands are found on a bitch

• 8-10

• 9-12

• 8-12

• 9

8-12

which rxn is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

• increased HR

• increased RR

• dilated pupils

• decreased HR

decreased HR

on an ECG the T wave is most closely associated with

ventricular repolarization

which nutrient can be used for gluconeogoenesis

• carbohydrates

• amino acids

• proteins

• iron

amino acids

which endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets produce the hormone glucagon

• alpha cells

• beta cells

• delta cells

• gamma cells

alpha cells

a pregnant rodent has what kind of placentation

discoid

which dissection could be made w/o cutting thru a bone-to-bone joint

forelimb from body

hindlimb from body

head from body

tail from body

forelimb from body

the glucose absorbed from the GI tract may be stored in the liver as glycogen thru a process known as

glycogenesis

the process of voice production usually begins in which location

larynx

essential amino acids can be divided into how many categories

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

6

the name for the bile acid-lipid units that carry fat w/in the gut is

micelles

which is only found in DNA

Adenine

cytosine

guanine

thymine

thymine

the P wave on an ECG corresponds to

atrial contraction

the islets of Langerhans are found in the

pancreas

which circulatory system is under the highest pressure

systemic

fat in the lymph would most likely be associated with

chylomicrons (produced in the intestines from dietary fat)

for an animal that had lost RBCs due to a hookworm infection, the CRT would be

• less than 1 secs

• less than 2 secs

• 1-2 secs

• over 2 secs

less than 2 secs

what is the term used below the carpus for the surface directed caudally or ventrally

palmar

in growing bone where does lengthening take place

• diaphysis

• epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal plate

the normal dental pattern for an adult cat is

• I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 M 1/1

• I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/3 M 1/1

• I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 M 2/1

• I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 1/1

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 M 1/1

in avians the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the

crop

what is the average number of air sacs birds have

9

in birds the gizzard is also known as the

ventriculus

the uvea consists of: iris, ciliary body, and

• aqueous humor

• posterior chamber

• anterior chamber

anterior chamber

the front surface of the lens comes into contact with

• the sclera

• the aqueous humor

• anterior chamber

the aqueous humor

the muscular layer that makes up majority of the heart mass is

• myocardium

• pericardium

• endocardium

• epicardium

myocardium (thickest layer)

(endo - innermost layer of the heart)

(epi - outermost layer of the heart)

(peri - sac that surrounds the heart)

the major artery that carried blood out of the L ventricle is the

aorta

all contribute to blood flowing into the cranial vena cava except

femoral vein

azygos vein

thoracic duct

brachiocephalic artery

femoral vein

the coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus into the

R atrium

pulmonary circulation is under

• low pressure

• high pressure

• positive pressure

• negative pressure

low pressure

what is unique about the ruminant oral cavity

presence of a dental pad

what is the most common site of feed impactions in a horse

pelvic flexure

what is the most distal portion of the monogastric stomach

pylorus

which hormone is produced by beta cells in the pancreas

insulin

the endocrine structure responsible for secreting melatonin is

• pituitary gland

• pineal gland

• thyroid gland

pineal gland

the lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is

lacteals

which is a lymphatic structure

bile duct

tonsils

thyroid

islets of Langerhand

tonsils

which structure is not found in the brain stem

mid brain

pond

medulla

hypothalamus

hypothalamus (it is in the diencephalon)

ruminants have what kind of placenta

cotyledonary

oxytocin is made in the

• anterior pituitary

• posterior pituitary

posterior pituitary

sperm cells are produced by the

• epididymis

• vas deferens

• seminiferous tubule

seminiferous tubule

all are induced ovulators except

rabbits

rats

cats

ferrets

rats

not all follicles activated in a particular ovarian cycle develop fully and ovulate - this is known as

follicular atresia

which primary ovarian structure is responsible for the release of estrogen

follicle

the thorax is normally under which type of pressure

negative

the hormone primarily responsible for preventing hypocalcemia is

• parathyroid hormone

• stress hormone

• thyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone

the bone cells responsible for the removal of bone are

osteoclasts

the periosteum covers

• the inner surface of bones

• the outer surface of bones

• the inner surface of ligaments

• the outer surface of ligaments

the outer surface of bones

the shaft of bone is also called the

• diaphysis

• epiphysis

• fossae

• foramina

diaphysis

an example of a short bone would be

tarsal bone

the skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is

• occipital bone

• parietal bone

• lacrimal bone

• zygomatic bone

occipital bone

the bones known collectively as the ossicles include all except

sphenoid

malleus

stapesus

incus

sphenoid

how many cervical vertebrae does a cat have

7

which is considered part of the external structure of the equine hoof

digital cushion

corium

lateral cartilage

frog

frog

the anatomic term for synovial joints is

diarthroses

which joint is not a synovial joint

hinge

gliding

swinging

pivot

swinging

the area of the kidney where urine collection occurs before entering the ureter is known as the

renal pelvis

in the kidney the primary site of action for ADH is in the

• nephron

• renal cortex

• collecting ducts

collecting ducts

the renal corpuscle is located in the

• cortex

• hilus

• nephron

cortex

the renal corpuscle is comprised of the

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

the trunk of an animal is defined as

• the thorax

• the abdomen

• the caudal spine

• A and B

• A and C

• all

the thorax and abdomen

the middle phalanx is located

• proximal to the distal phalanx

• proximal to the proximal phalanx

• distal to the distal phalanx

proximal to the distal phalanx

which is not a muscle in the abdominal group

external oblique

rectus abdominis

latissimus dorsi

internal oblique

latissimus dorsi

what is fascia

a tough sheet of fibrous connective tissue

which structure suspends the larynx from the skill

hyoid apparatus

which sinus is not considered to be a “true” sinus of the dog

maxillary sinus

the cardiovascular system has four components - which is not one

heart

blood circulation

lungs

blood vessels

lungs

the appendicular skeleton includes the

os cordis

ribs

pelvic girdle

clavicles

pelvic girdle

what is a short bone

filled with spongy bone and marrow spaces

the scapula is an example of a

flat bone

an example of an irregular bone is

• scapula

• cervical vertebrae 1

• tarsals

• femur

cervical vertebrae 1

which is not found in the forelimb

trochanter

tuberosity

spine

epicondyle

trochanter (found on the femur)

(tuberosity is on the tibia)

(spine is on the scapula)

(epicondyle is on the humerus)

which will not allow blood vessels and nerves to pass thru

meatus

sinus

foramen

facet

facet

dogs have how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

7,13,7

systole is

• relaxation of the atria

• relaxation of the atria and ventricles

• contraction of the atria

• contraction of the atria and ventricles

contraction of the atria and ventricles

the tricuspid valve controls the flow of blood

into the R ventricle

the thymus produces

cells that destroy foreign objects

albumin is produced in the

• liver

• pancreas

• spleen

• kidney

liver

an increase in WBC is known as

• leukocytosis

• leukopenia

leukocytosis

what is the largest gland in the body

• thyroid gland

• spleen

• liver

• adrenal gland

liver

what organ produces bile

• liver

• spleen

• kidney

• stomach

liver

RBC production is stimulated by

• hypoxia

• erythropoietin

• all

• none

hypoxia and erythropoietin