Theories of motor control

motor control

ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement or how the CNS produces purposeful coordinated movements in interactions w the rest of the body and environment

theory

describes structures or processes and relates them to each other and observable events by giving a general framework

Nikolai Bernstein

coined the term motor redundancy/abundance

motor redundancy/abundance

there are multiple ways to execute a specific movement and achieve equivalent/similar outcomes or repetition without repetition

true

the idea of motor abundancy is that it helps with promoting efficiency in a task to produce movement w/o as much effort

t or f

false

the idea of feedforward control is that it helps with promoting efficiency in a task to produce movement w/o as much effort

t or f

feedforward control

where anticipation of an event can influence the motor output due to changes/modifying of the motor command

feedback control

where sensory information from the outcome of a motor output allows information to go back to the motor center helping adjust the command to correct error from previous movement

taxonomy

classification system that is organized according to relationships among the component characteristics of what is being classified

environmental context

a consideration of the taxonomy of tasks which looks at if a pt is in motion or is stationary and if there is intertrial variability

action function

a consideration of the taxonomy of tasks which looks at if the body is staying in one spot (body stationary) or moving around (body transport) and if an object is being manipulated or not

taxonomy of tasks

helps understand how skills are distinct and or related to other skills and the demands placed on a patient to perform a skill

reflex theory

theory that reflexes are building blocks of various complex behaviour where all complex movements are controlled by reflexes

true

an infant putting pressure on the bottom of the foot leads to a stepping movement is an example of the reflex theory

t or f

false

an infant putting pressure on the bottom of the foot leads to a stepping movement is an example of the hierarchal theory

t or f

hierarchical theory

the theory that the nervous system has a hierarchical organization where each successively higher level exerts control over the level below it

motor development

based on the hierarchical theory with _____ there may be appearances and disappearance of reflexes

brain pathology

based on the hierarchical theory with _____ there may cause the persistence of primitive lower level reflexes

true

an example of the hierarchal theory includes brain damage causing the appearance of primitive reflex

t or f

false

an example of the systems theory includes brain damage causing the appearance of primitive reflex

t or f

systems theory

theory where movements are not controlled exclusively by central nor peripheral system and rather has motor control as a distributed process through interactions w multiple systems

true

the systems theory states that the NS governs movement rather than produces

t or f

false

the systems theory states that the NS produces movement rather than governs based on elements

t or f

true

the system theory involves the consideration of the task, individual and the environment when doing a movement

t ro f

false

the system theory involves the consideration of the task, muscles used and the environment when doing a movement

t ro f

individual

an element of the system theory looking at cognition, perception, action

task

an element of the system theory looking at the stability(BOS), continous/discrete, attention requirements, variability and demands

environment

an element of the system theory looking at regulatory (how it shapes the movement) and non regulatory (affecting performance outcomes) impacts

muscle re education

a type of therapy which is used to change the function of the muscle by strengthening the weak muscles and using supports and braces on impaired muscles to help w compensation

neurophysiological approach

type of therapy which is used to modify the CNA by retraining the motor control by facilitating and inhibiting movement patterns such as providing sensory conditions to stim the NS

motor learning/task oriented approach

a therapeutic approach which involves shaping the observed behaviour to help learn a variety of ways to solve a task or achieve a goal while changing the environment and demands

true

motor learning and task oriented therapy is based on the assumption that movements in pt w lesion due to the remaining systems and active learning occurs w attempting functional tasks

t ro f

false

motor learning and task oriented therapy is based on the assumption that movements in pt w lesion due to the damaged systems and active learning occurs w watching functional tasks

t ro f

constraint induced movement therapy

a type of motor control/task oriented therapy which is based off of learned non use by constraining the unaffected side to force the use of affected sides repetitively

circuit training

a type of motor control/task oriented therapy which is involving many repetitive functional tasks being completed in a group setting and switching tasks bw people