kms

St. Augustine

early christian leader who wrote the book City of God

Martin Luther

German monk who criticiqued of the Roman Catholic Church

Battle of Diu

Battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Portuguese over the Indian Ocean

Privateer

armed private ship licensed to attack merchant ships

Saadi Dynasty

Ruling family in Morocco who repelled Portugese attempts to conquer it

Songhai

West African empire that conquered Mali

Siege of Vienna

failed attempt by Ottoman Empire to invade Europe

Battle of Lepanto

Turkish sea power was destroyed by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope

Thirty Years War

Series of European wars, protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire

Kievan Rus

First civilization in russia that was greatly influenced by the byzantine empire

Republic of Novgorod

Kingdom on the Volkhov River ruled by a Prince and the powerful Boyar aristocratic class.

Golden Horde

Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson in southern Russia

Muscovy

Russian principality that emerged during the era of Mongol domination

Ivan III

"Ivan the Great"; ruled as great prince and first ruler of the independent state called Russia

Tsar

The Russian term for ruler or king

Ivan the Terrible

Cruelty directed toward all those with whom he disagreed, even killing his own son. First ruler to be the Czar of all Russia.

Boyars

Russian nobles

Oprichnika

The secret army/police created by Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible he used to kill the Boyars

Oprichnina Terror

the public torture and execution of boyars and/or the stripping of boyar lands

Peter the Great

czar of Russia who introduced western European styles of government

St. Petersberg

Port on the Baltic Sea, founded by Peter the great

Great Northern War

Russia vs. Sweden. Russia had Poland, Denmark and Saxony as allies Russia gained Latvia and Estonia

Qing Dynasty

China's last dynasty

Manchuria

Region of Northeast Asia North of Korea

Emperor Kangxi

Fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty

Life-size portraits

Large painting made of Sultans, Emperors, and Kings. Used to show their power.

Queue Order

mandatory hairstyle; Qing Dynasty

Banning of Intermarriage

The Qing abolished marriage between Manchus and Han Chinese to maintain the purity/separation of the Manchus

Askia the Great

Muslim ruler who led Songhai to the height of its power

Kingdom of the Kongo

Kingdom in the basin of the Congo river, several village alliances, undermined by Portuguese slave traders.

Letters of Afonso I

documents condemning the violent behavior of the Portuguese and the establishment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory

Teaching that the sun is the center of the universe

Scientific Revolution

A major change in European thought, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.

Vodun

AKA voodoo; New World syncretic faith that combines the animist faiths of West Africa with Roman Catholic Christianity

Sufism in Africa

Blended religion that entered into Eastern Africa

Wu Cheng'en

AKA Ruzhong; Chinese novelist, poet, and politician during the Ming dynasty. The author of Journey to the West

Kabuki

a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories

Woodblock Print

a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood

Songhai Empire

Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed; this empire controlled Timbuktu.

Diet of Worms

Conference that Charles V called to bring Martin Luther to speak

Shah Jahan

Mughal ruler who built Taj Mahal

Tamerlane

Similar to Ghengis Khan; a military leader who conquered the lands of Persia; his empire was decentralized with tribal leaders.