Endocrine System

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream (no ducts).

What do endocrine glands release?

Hormones.

How do hormones travel through the body?

Through the bloodstream.

What is the main purpose of the endocrine system?

To regulate and coordinate body functions using hormones.

How does the endocrine system compare to the nervous system in speed?

It works more slowly but has longer-lasting effects.

What types of processes does the endocrine system usually control?

Long-term processes such as growth, metabolism, and development.

Which gland links the nervous system to the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus.

Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”?

Because it controls other endocrine glands.

Which gland controls the pituitary gland?

The hypothalamus.

What hormones does the pituitary gland affect?

Hormones involved in growth, reproduction, and water balance.

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

It controls metabolic rate.

What does metabolic rate affect?

Energy levels, body temperature, and growth.

What is the endocrine role of the pancreas?

Regulating blood glucose (blood sugar) levels.

Which hormone lowers blood sugar?

Insulin.

Which hormone raises blood sugar?

Glucagon.

Which glands are involved in the stress response?

The adrenal glands.

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?

Adrenaline and cortisol.

What is the “fight or flight” response?

The body’s response to stress, involving adrenaline.

Which endocrine glands are involved in reproduction?

Ovaries (females) and testes (males).

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers.

Do all cells respond to all hormones?

No, only target cells with the correct receptors respond.

What is a target cell?

A cell that has receptors for a specific hormone

How does the endocrine system affect growth and development?

Through hormones that regulate body growth and changes over time.

How does the endocrine system help control metabolism?

By regulating how the body uses and stores energy.

How does the endocrine system help maintain homeostasis?

By keeping internal conditions stable using hormones.

Which system helps control sleep–wake cycles?

The endocrine system.

Which system helps regulate mood and emotions?

The endocrine system.

How are hormone levels usually controlled?

By negative feedback.

What happens if there is too much of a hormone?

Hormone production is reduced.

What happens if there is too little of a hormone?

Hormone production increases.

Why are feedback mechanisms important?

They help keep the body in balance.

How does the endocrine system send messages?

Using hormones through the bloodstream.

How does the nervous system send messages?

Using electrical signals through nerves.

Which system has faster effects?

The nervous system.

Which system has longer-lasting effects?

The endocrine system.