Qualitative Research Methods in Criminology

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on qualitative research methods in criminology.

A-theoretisch empirisme (Nils Christie)

Empiricism prioritizing data collection to uncover insights overlooked by law enforcement, suggesting criminology relies too heavily on existing data.

Verstehen

Understanding actions from the actor's viewpoint, emphasizing the meanings they attach to their behavior.

Theorie

Framework for interpreting reality, guiding hypothesis generation and conclusion-drawing from research data.

Theoretische notities

Theoretical perspectives that act as filters, highlighting certain aspects while obscuring others during data collection.

Culturele criminologie

Emphasis on empirical research among directly involved individuals to understand crime.

Historische criminologie

Using life histories to depict a historical context related to crime.

Consensusmodel

Model assuming societal rules are democratically established, with a neutral government role where crime deviates from agreed-upon norms.

Conflictmodel (Karl Marx)

Model viewing societal rules as imposed by the powerful, considering crime as resistance, with the government as a party in conflict.

Street corner society (Whytes)

Study advocating ethnographic approaches to examine crime in context, not as isolated acts, avoiding reduction of individuals to labels.

Subculturele strainbenadering

Explanation for delinquent behavior among young men raised in low-income neighborhoods.

Labelling

Perspective viewing crime as a result of criminal classification and categorization, affecting individuals' behavior after being labeled 'criminal'.

Symbolisch interactionisme (George Herbert Mead)

Perspective that actions gain meaning through interaction, shaping identities based on environmental reactions.

Significant others

Individuals whose opinions are most important in shaping one's self-perception.

Stigma (Ering Goffmans)

Concept referring to loss of original identity due to systematic stigmatization, leading to self-perception in stereotypical ways.

Spoiled identity/geschonden identiteit

Damage to self-image leading to lowered resistance to wrongdoing and minimized responsibility.

Secundaire deviantie (Edwin Lemert)

Structural behavior resulting from social exclusion, stigmatization, and stereotyping.

Kritische criminologie

Examination of the culture and structure shaping the context of actions, alongside the actions themselves.

New criminology

Theory emphasizing social conditions as the root cause of criminality, integrating etiological and interactionist approaches to study deviance.

Sociale controle

Mechanisms maintaining societal balance and correcting deviations from expected patterns.

Actieve sociale controle

Enforcement by institutions like law, psychiatry, and education.

Passieve sociale controle

Implicit communication of norms.

Formele VS informele

Varying by procedural formality.

Publieke VS particuliere

Exercised by government or citizens.

Reactieve VS proactieve

Occurring proactively or reactively.

Expliciete VS impliciete

Enforced versus persuasive.

Buitensluitende VS binnensluitende

Exclusionary versus assimilation-focused.

Belief-effect (Rovers)

Psychological attribution of qualities creating events.

Mondialisering

Increased movement of people, goods, information, and awareness.

Global criminology

Rejects Western analysis models, advocating for critical, cosmopolitan perspectives.

Glocalisation

Adaptation of global influences to local contexts in crime and responses.

Intellectuele redenen

Reasons tied to the academic community.

Praktische redenen

Related to the researcher's objectives, such as evaluation research.

Persoonlijke redenen

Researcher's intrinsic motivation.

Exploreren/ verkennen (onderzoek)

Gaining insight into unexplored domains.

Verklaren (onderzoek)

Making cautious statements about causal relationships.

Beschrijven (onderzoek)

Providing detailed case descriptions.

Emanciperen (onderzoek)

Addressing social problems with those affected.

Handelingsonderzoek of actieonderzoek

Involving subjects in actively shaping research.

Onderzoekslogboek

Documenting research process and changes.

Onderzoekbaarheid

Feasibility of empirical investigation.

'mag'

Ethical dimensions of research.

Haalbaarheid

Practical considerations for research completion.

Literatuuronderzoek

Theoretical development of research question.

Grounded theory-benadering

allowing theory to emerge from data.

Sensitizing concepts

Concepts guiding qualitative research.

Geven aan waar de onderzoeker kan starten met zijn onderzoek, zonder daarmee alles op voorhand vast te leggen

Starting point for research w/o predetermined conclusions.

Onderzoeksdomein

Motivation for research.

Deelvragen

Components addressing the main research question.

Conceptueel kader

Definitions of central concepts in a theoretical framework.

Retorische analyse

Analyzing message presentation.

Narratieve analyse

Studying message structure from a narrative perspective.

Discoursanalyse

Emphasizing written text and argumentation.

Structuralistische-semiologiscge analyse

Investigating deeper meanings of messages.

Interpretatieve analyse

Developing theory through descriptive questions.

Random sample

for generalizable, randomly chosen research units.

Purposive sample

research units selected based on criteria.

Onderzoekspopulatie

Individuals with certain characteristics for study.

Steekproefkader

source for selecting population research units.

Convenience sampling/pragmatische steekproef

cases chosen pragmatically.

Theoretisch steekproef

Intertwining of data collection & sampling in cyclic process.

Single-case studie

one case is sufficient or extreme cases.

Steekproefmatrix

Planning the sample at start of research.

Ontologie

Nature and composition of external world.

Epistemologie

How external world is known.

Naturalistic inquiry

Criteria for quality.

Criteriology

Evaluating research based on political impacts over description.

Constructivistische benadering

Questioning objective reality.

Positivistische benadering

Limited role for qualitative research.

Interne validiteit

Credibility of causal claims (internal validity).

Externe validiteit

Generalizability to external situations (external validity).

Theoretische of analytische generalisering

Generalizing to a theory.

Case-to-case overdracht

Judgment whether examined situations and conclusions apply to other situations based on case report.

Interne betrouwbaarheid

Stability of measure.

Externe betrouwbaarheid

Reproducibility with new data (external reliability).

Fairness

Fairness in perspectives.

Ontologische authenciteit

Expanding perspective of subjects.

Educatieve authenciteit

insight in others' views.

Catalytische authenciteit

driving action.

Tactische authenciteit

empowering subjects.

Relevantie

Systematically assess impact.

Triangulatie

Strengthen internal validity with multiple viewpoints.

Datatriangulatie

Using multiple data sources.

Methodologische triangulatie

combining methods.

Onderzoekstriangulatie

Involving multiple researchers.

Theorietriangulatie

Approaching data with hypotheses.

Member validation/ member check

Feedback on analysis.

Falsificatie/ weerleggen (Karl Popper)

degree of truth after attempts at disproving.

Gecorroboreerde hypothesen (bevestigde hypothesen)

supported hypotheses with attempts to disprove.

Anekdotalisme

Focus on confirmatory examples.

Diepgang of systematische behandeling van data (

Systematically each data item.

Analyse deviante cases (

Seeking deviations.

Auditspoor

documenting choices.

Peer debriefing

Discussing with colleagues.

Positivisme

Objective interviewer.

Interview bias

Mutual influence in interviewer.

Constructivisme

Reality is subjective

Interviewer

Researcher explores new discovery.

knowledge agent

Knowledge Agent (three forms).

discursief bewustzijn

Giving reasons.

praktisch bewustzijn

Observing factors