chemistry chapter 6 Solutions and Substances

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16 Terms

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formula mass

sum of all average atomic masses

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percent composition

percentage by mass of each element in a compound

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percent composition formula

(mass of element/ total mass of compound) x 100

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empirical formula

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in each element

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how to find empirical formula

1) convert masses to moles

2) divide all moles by the smallest mole

3) if needed multiply by a whole number to clear decimals

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how can I find empirical formula from percent composition?

always assume 100 grams sample for the percentages

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molecular formula

shows the actual number of each atom in a molecule

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how to find molecular formula

1) calculate the mass of empirical formula

2) divide molar mass by empirical formula mass

3) multiply all subscripts in the empirical formula

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solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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solute

the substance that is dissolved

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solvent

the substance that does the dissolving

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aqueous solution

a solution where water is the solvent

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molarity 

moles of solute/ liters of solution

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1 liter

1000 mL

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dilution

adding more solvent to solution to decrease the molarity of the solute

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dilution formula

M1V1=M2V2