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formula mass
sum of all average atomic masses
percent composition
percentage by mass of each element in a compound
percent composition formula
(mass of element/ total mass of compound) x 100
empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms in each element
how to find empirical formula
1) convert masses to moles
2) divide all moles by the smallest mole
3) if needed multiply by a whole number to clear decimals
how can I find empirical formula from percent composition?
always assume 100 grams sample for the percentages
molecular formula
shows the actual number of each atom in a molecule
how to find molecular formula
1) calculate the mass of empirical formula
2) divide molar mass by empirical formula mass
3) multiply all subscripts in the empirical formula
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
solute
the substance that is dissolved
solvent
the substance that does the dissolving
aqueous solution
a solution where water is the solvent
molarity
moles of solute/ liters of solution
1 liter
1000 mL
dilution
adding more solvent to solution to decrease the molarity of the solute
dilution formula
M1V1=M2V2