Echo week 1: Reading & Knowledge Check: Normal Cardiac Physiology Chapter 1 Quiz

Please read Chapter 1, pages 18-25, and answer the following quiz questions.

Discuss the action associated with diastole. What is happening?

period of relaxation when the ventricles fill with blood because the atrial pressures are higher than the ventricular pressure, so the av valves open allowing blood to travel from the atria to the ventricles

Which work together to keep the TV and MV closed during systole to prevent backflow into atria.

papillary muscles

pressure gradient

chordae tendineae

What is the mean right atrial pressure?

2-8 mmHg

AV valves open during

diastole

Overall, cardiac function is determined by both systolic and diastolic function.

True

Which of the below statements best describes systole:

period of contraction when the blood is ejected form the heart

What is required in order for heart to provide proper circulation through body?

both normal volume and normal pressure

Why is blood easily flowing from atria to the ventricle?

low pressure gradient

AV valves closed during

systole

Which nervous system increases heart rate as part of the Fight or Flight Response?

sympathetic

Which is the right ventricular diastolic pressure:

2-8 mmHg

At what percentage does a normal ventricular wall concentrically thicken and contract towards center of chamber?

30%

Heart rate

number of heart beats per minute

Stroke volume

volume of blood ejected per heartbeat (SV = EDV - ESV)

Cardiac output

volume of blood the heart pumps out per minute (CO = SV x HR)

Cardiac index

Cardiac output corrected for body surface area (CI = CO / BSA)

Body surface area

Total surface area of the body

Preload

(EDP). degree of ventricular muscle cell stretch at the end of diastole

Afterload

resistance the heart must pump against

Inotropic force

contractibility of the heart muscle or force of contraction

Chronotropic force

rate of contraction or HR

How does the heart increase the demand for oxygenated blood when you exercise?

increase cardiac output

Chambers normally concentrically decrease in size during systole.

true

During diastole the semilunar valves

close

Discuss the action associated with systole. What is happening?

part of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles contract and eject blood because the ventricular pressure exceeds the great artery pressures so the SL valves open and the blood is ejected

A decrease in systolic function indicates following heart diseases EXCEPT:

pulmonary embolism

Hyperkinetic (Hyperkinesis)

excessive wall motion

Hypokinetic

decreased wall motion

Akinetic

no movement/ thickening of the myocardium; may indicate myocardial infarction or hibernation

Hibernation

ischemic segment that is akinetic, but is not infarcted, that can be reversed with restoration of coronary blood flow

Dyskinetic

movement away from the center of the cavity ; may indicate MI

Which immediately precedes diastole

isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)

Which statement below is systolic function:

ventricles ability to efficiently eject blood out of the heart into the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems

The mechanical events of the heart is seen on EKG.

false

During diastole the semilunar valves

close