APHY Lab Practical 3, muscles of the body

Frontalis

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.

Occipitalis

Pulls scalp backward.

Orbicularis oculi

Closes eyelids (blinking, squinting).

Orbicularis orris

Closes and protrudes lips (kissing, whistling).

Risorius

Draws corners of mouth laterally (grimace).

Zygomaticus minor

Draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward.

Zygomaticus major

Elevates corners of mouth (smiling).

Masseter

Elevates mandible (closes jaw; chewing).

Buccinator

Compresses cheeks (whistling, sucking, blowing).

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts mandible.

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes neck; rotates head to opposite side.

Splenius capitis

Extends head; rotates head to same side.

Trapezius

Extends head; elevates, retracts, rotates scapula

Diaphragm

Prime mover of inspiration; flattens to expand thoracic cavity.

Intercostals

Elevate/depress ribs to assist breathing.

External oblique

Flexes, rotates trunk; compresses abdomen.

Internal oblique

Flexes, rotates trunk (deep to external oblique).

Transversus abdominis

Compresses abdominal contents.

Rectus abdominis

Flexes vertebral column (sit-ups).

Erector spine

Extends vertebral column; maintains posture.

Pectoralis minor

Protracts and depresses scapula.

Serratus anterior

Protracts scapula (holds against thoracic wall).

Levator scapulae

Elevates, retracts, depresses scapula.

Rhomboid minor

Retract and stabilize scapula. 

Rhomboid Major

Retract and stabilize scapula.

Supraspinatus (Rotator cuff)

Stabilize shoulder joint; assist rotation of humerus.

Infraspinatus (Rotator cuff)

Stabilize shoulder joint; assist rotation of humerus.

Teres minor (Rotator cuff)

Stabilize shoulder joint; assist rotation of humerus.

Subscapularis (Rotator cuff)

Stabilize shoulder joint; assist rotation of humerus.

Deltoid

Abducts, flexes, and extends arm.

Teres Major

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm.

Pectoralis Major

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm.

Latissimus dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm.

Triceps brachii

Extends forearm at elbow.

Biceps brachii

Flexes elbow, supinates forearm.

Brachialis

Flexes elbow (prime mover).

Brachioradialis

Flexes elbow (especially when forearm is mid-pronated).

Pronator teres

Pronates forearm.

Supinator

Supinates forearm.

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes and adducts wrist.

Palmaris longis

Flexes wrist; tenses palm skin.

Extensor carpi radialis

Extends and abducts wrist.

Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extends and adducts wrist.

Gluteus maximus

Extends thigh at hip; lateral rotation.

Gluteus medius

Abducts and medially rotates thigh.

Tensor fasciae latae

Stabilizes hip and knee; abducts thigh.

Gracilis

Adducts thigh; flexes leg at knee.

Adductor longus

Adducts and flexes thigh.

Pectineus

Adducts and flexes thigh.

Iliopsoas

Flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk.

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee (tailor's muscle).

Rectus femoris (Quadricep)

Extend knee.

vastus lateralis (Quadricep)

Extend knee.

vastus medialis (Quadricep)

Extend knee.

biceps femoris (Hamstring)

Extend thigh, flex knee.

Semimembranosus (Hamstring)

Extend thigh, flex knee.

Semitendonosis (Hamstring)

Extend thigh, flex knee.

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes foot; flexes knee.

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot.

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot.

Fibularis longis

Everts and plantar flexes foot.