Unit 3 Music

Phonograph

a device that records and plays back sound, often referred to as a record player

Phonograph cylinders

the earliest commercial medium for sound recording and playback

Records

play songs using grooves carved into flat, round vinyl

Cassette/audio tapes

analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback

CDs

convert into a digital file, 74 minutes, durable

File sharing

the distribution of digital files over the internet, allowing users to easily exchange music

Napster

music file sharing site

Streaming

ownership to access of music, subscription, customized listening

Copyright

determines who gets to own the media content and make money from it

Performing Rights Organizations (PROs)

keeps track of licensing to music in public places EX. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)

Big 3

Universal, Sony, Warner

Music label

invests in new artists, maintains master recording copyright, recoup investment before paying artist

Music publisher

represents the artist and copyright fee, licenses the songs for a fee

Artists & songwriters

create and perform music, often working with music publishers and labels to distribute their work and earn royalties

Master recording royalties

label retains bulk of money, artist paid based on contract

Public performance royalties

publishers make money, artists make money

Mechanical royalties

publishers make money, and artists

Synchronized royalties

artist and label make money

Composition vs Master Recording

general use of the song vs one specific version