Chapter 29 - Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World

The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women was

a. Mary Astell.

b. Olympe de Gouges.

c. John Stuart Mill.

d. Mary Wollstonecraft.

e. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

d. Mary Wollstonecraft.

Theodore Herzl was the founder of

a. the Seneca Falls Conference.

b. Zionism.

c. German nationalism.

d. modern anti-Semitism.

e. modern conservatism.

b. Zionism.

During the rule of the Directory,

a. France was finally defeated by a combined British, Prussian, Austrian, and Russian army.

b. the French Revolution moved in a more conservative direction.

c. the French Revolution reached its most radical stage.

d. the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was written.

e. the French monarchy was abolished and Louis XVI was executed.

b. the French Revolution moved in a more conservative direction.

The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and

a. strengthened the European control over South America.

b. gave complete freedom and equality to women.

c. encouraged the consolidation of national states.

d. repudiated socialist and communist philosophies.

e. resulted in the weakening of national states because of the growing emphasis on the individual.

c. encouraged the consolidation of national states.

The turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of

a. Spain.

b. England.

c. Italy.

d. Austria.

e. Russia.

e. Russia.

The leading conservative politician at the Congress of Vienna was

a. Edmund Burke.

b. Theodore Herzl.

c. Otto von Bismarck.

d. Klemens von Metternich.

e. Napoleon.

d. Klemens von Metternich.

Napoleon's final defeat occurred at

a. Waterloo.

b. Elba.

c. Leipzig.

d. Moscow.

e. St. Helena.

a. Waterloo.

After the end of the Seven Years' War,

a. the British were forced to hand all of North America over to the French.

b. the French proved to be much better for the colonies after the British left.

c. the colonists grew much closer to the British in appreciation for the British sacrifices in the war.

d. the British began to lose control of their North American colonies.

e. the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

e. the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

The creoles of Latin America were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment

a. but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions.

b. but wanted to carry these notions to their logical conclusion and grant equality to women.

c. and hoped for the establishment of an egalitarian society like Haiti.

d. but wanted to turn the tables and deny all rights to the peninsulares.

e. and hoped for tremendous social reform that like promoted by the French revolutionary Robespierre.

a. but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions.

In response to the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

a. it was, in fact, the English who offered complete equality for women.

b. its author, Olympe de Gouges, became a leading force in the French Revolution.

c. the French revolutionary leaders called for complete equality for women.

d. French women achieved political, but not economic, equality.

e. the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political agenda.

e. the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political agenda.

The leader who was responsible for the success of the Saint-Domingue uprising was

a. Miguel de Hidalgo.

b. Simon Bolivar.

c. Boukman.

d. Louverture.

e. Jose de San Martin.

d. Louverture.

The ancient regime was

a. the estate that comprised the clergy in prerevolutionary France.

b. the term Metternich used to describe the dangerous and growing class of urban revolutionaries.

c. the old order in France that revolutionary leaders wanted to replace.

d. the traditional, European-born ruling class in South America.

e. the term for the first democracies in Greece and Rome.

c. the old order in France that revolutionary leaders wanted to replace.

Which of the following was not one of John Locke's main ideas?

a. that subjects had the right to remove their ruler

b. that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights

c. that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed

d. that governments were a result of a social contract between rulers and ruled

e. that individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property

b. that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights

William Wilberforce

a. was the leader of the British forces that surrendered at Yorktown.

b. pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade.

c. focused his efforts on gaining complete equality for women.

d. was the chief proponent of conservatism in the eighteenth century.

e. wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

b. pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade.

Which one of the following was not one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?

a. individual freedom

b. popular sovereignty

c. political equality

d. equality for women

e. social contract

d. equality for women

In August 1789, the National Assembly expressed the guiding principles of the French Revolution by issuing the

a. Declaration of Independence.

b. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.

c. French Constitution of 1789.

d. Social Contract.

e. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

e. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

The leader who helped lead Brazil to independence was

a. Bernardo O'Higgins.

b. Emperor Pedro I.

c. Simon Bolivar .

d. Miguel de Hidalgo.

e. Jose de San Martin.

b. Emperor Pedro I.

The most radical period of the French Revolution was reached during the leadership of

a. Napoleon Bonaparte.

b. Louis XVI.

c. Simon Bolivar.

d. Maximilien Robespierre.

e. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

d. Maximilien Robespierre.

Which of the following was not one of the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?

a. freedom from British control

b. the equality of all inhabitants

c. a written constitution that guaranteed personal freedoms

d. a responsible government based on popular sovereignty

e. the creation of a federal republic

b. the equality of all inhabitants

What nineteenth-century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of the rights of freedom and equality to women?

a. Edmund Burke

b. Jean Jacques Rousseau

c. Cecil Rhodes

d. John Locke

e. John Stuart Mill

e. John Stuart Mill

The author of the Second Treatise of Civil Government was

a. Robespierre.

b. Voltaire.

c. Locke.

d. Rousseau.

e. Hobbes.

c. Locke.

Among the leading proponents of conservatism in the eighteenth century was

a. Maximilien Robispierre.

b. Giuseppe Mazzini.

c. Simon Bolivar.

d. Edmund Burke.

e. John Stuart Mill.

d. Edmund Burke.

The goal of Simon Bolivar was to

a. bring the former Spanish colonies of South America into union with the United States.

b. bring about unification through a strict authoritarian form of government.

c. have the colonies of South America remained linked to Spain but attain a measure of self-government.

d. form stable smaller South American states centered around distinct tribal or linguistic groups.

e. weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.

e. weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.

The Concordat was

a. the revolutionary organization created by Toussaint.

b. the most radical phase of the French Revolution.

c. the document of revolutionary and democratic idealswritten by Simon Bolivar.

d. the 1801 agreement between Napoleon and the pope.

e. the Russian law that freed the serfs.

d. the 1801 agreement between Napoleon and the pope.

After the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870,

a. blacks who owned property were allowed to vote.

b. twenty-two blacks were elected to Congress by 1901.

c. blacks enjoyed free and equal suffrage in both theory and practice.

d. blacks who had fought for the Union in the Civil War were allowed to vote.

e. women gained the right to vote.

b. twenty-two blacks were elected to Congress by 1901.

The only successful slave revolt in history took place in

a. Virginia.

b. Cuba.

c. Brazil.

d. Saint-Domingue.

e. Mexico.

d. Saint-Domingue.

Colonial rule in Mexico ended in 1821 when the capital was seized by

a. Jose de San Martin.

b. Simon Bolivar.

c. Augustin de Iturbide.

d. Miguel de Hidalgo.

e. Bernardo O'Higgins.

c. Augustin de Iturbide.

Maximilien Robespierre was known as the

a. "Son of Heaven."

b. "French Jefferson."

c. "Incorruptible."

d. "Lion of Paris."

e. "First Among Equals."

c. "Incorruptible."

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract, argued that in every country the sovereign voice of government

a. should be the bishops and archbishops because of their special relationship to God.

b. was the members of society acting collectively.

c. resided in the army.

d. should be the nobles instead of the king because of their control of the land.

e. was the king because, despite his faults, he was still of divine appointment.

b. was the members of society acting collectively.

The Declaration of Independence's contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from "the consent of the governed" was influenced by

a. William Wilberforce.

b. John Locke.

c. Voltaire.

d. Edmund Burke.

e. John Stuart Mill.

b. John Locke.

The main slogan for the colonies in the years leading up to the American Revolution was

a. "free and independent states."

b. "liberty, equality, fraternity."

c. "no taxation without representation."

d. "equal rights for women."

e. "self-government now."

c. "no taxation without representation."

The leaders of the French Revolution

a. called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.

b. created concepts and documents that would later influence the American Revolution.

c. placed unlimited faith in the potential of the peasants.

d. would always have to have a king.

e. were much more conservative than the leaders of the American Revolution.

a. called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.

On 17 June 1789, members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves to be the

a. House of Commons.

b. Directory.

c. National Assembly.

d. House of Representatives.

e. Convention.

c. National Assembly.

What revolutionary leader, frustrated over his inability to put together a South American confederation, lamented that "those who have served the revolution have plowed the sea"?

a. Miguel de Hidalgo

b. Bernardo O'Higgins

c. Jose de San Martin

d. Simon Bolivar

e. Maximilien Robespierre.

d. Simon Bolivar

While women in France and Latin America did not win the right to vote until after the Second World War, American and British women gained the franchise

a. before the First World War.

b. during the First World War.

c. in the decade following the American Revolution.

d. in the second half of the 19th century.

e. in the 1920s.

e. in the 1920s.

Napoleon's Civil Code

a. gave absolute free speech to French newspapers.

b. reduced patriarchal authority and gave more equality to women.

c. was a modern restatement of Justinian's Corpus Luris Civilis.

d. affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.

e. had at its core the radical measures of the Convention.

d. affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.

Which of the following revolutionary leaders is not correctly linked with his country?

a. Jose de San Martin and Argentina

b. Miguel de Hidalgo and Peru

c. Augustin de Iturbide and Mexico

d. Bernardo O'Higgins and Chile

e. Toussaint Louverture and Haiti

b. Miguel de Hidalgo and Peru

The guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase

a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."

b. "no taxation without representation."

c. "all men are created equal."

d. "let them eat cake."

e. "peace, bread, land."

a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."

Revolutionaries of the late 18th and early 19th century

a. were able to destroy all vestiges of the ancient regime.

b. were mainly influenced by Marxist ideology.

c. focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.

d. accepted the legitimacy of the divine right of kings.

e. always stressed the inherent equality between men and women.

c. focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.

The German leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by

a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."

b. "the resurgence of the ancient regime."

c. "blood and iron."

d. "class struggle."

e. "the realization of freedom."

c. "blood and iron."