A&P ch 13 Exam 5!!!!

Adaptation

exhibited by hearing, smell, and some somatic receptors; a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulus

Babinski’s sign

abnormal plantar reflex; great toe dorsiflexes and smaller toes fan laterally; seen until the age of 4

Bulbous corpuscles

found deep in dermis and hypodermis; detect deep continuous pressure

Chemoreceptors

detect molecules in solution

Dermatome

an area of the skin served by a particular spinal nerve

Endoneurium

Loose CT covering each axon over the myelin sheath

Epineurium

Dense: covering around the entire nerve

extreroreceptors

Excited by stimulus outside the body

free nerve endings

unmyelinated, found everywhere

interoreceptors

Excited by stimulus inside the body

joint kinesthetic receptors

proprioceptors that monitor stretch in the capsules of synovial joints; provide info on joint position and movement

lamellar corpuscles

found deep in the dermis and hypodermis; detect deep pressure initiation

mechanoreceptors

detect pressure, touch, vibration

median nerve

Part of the brachial plexus: innervates palm and muscles involved in pronating forearm, flexing wrist and fingers, adduction/abduction of medial fingers

Ulnar nerve

Part of the brachial plexus; inner area muscles involved in wrist and finger flexion

Radial nerve

The largest nerve of the brachial plexus; innervates extensors in upper limbs

mixed nerve

a nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

muscle spindles

proprioceptors found in the perimysium of skeletal muscles; detect when a muscle is stretched

Nerve plexus

Intersecting, nerves, control, motor functions, and sensations

neuralgia

Pain in a nerve

neuritis

inflammation in a nerve

neurofibromatosis

genetic defect where tumors form in the connective tissue of nerves

nociceptors

Detect pain

perineurium

Wrapped around each fascicle

phantom pain

Pain in an amputated limb

phrenic nerve

innvervates diaphragm; part of the cervical plexus

plantar reflex

tests the integrity of the spinal cord from L4-S2; draw a blunt object upward along the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot; normal reflex is flexion of the toes

proprioceptors

detect position, stretch, and movement

pudendal nerve

part of the sacral plexus; innervates skin and muscles of perineum and external anal sphincter, and external genitalia; means “parts to be ashamed of”

Referred pain

when visceral sensory neurons send pain sensations to the brain that are

perceived as somatic; ex. heart attack causes pain in the left arm

Reflex

involuntary skeletal muscle response to a similar that is painful or dangerous

sciatica

pressure or inflammation of the sciatic nerve; characterized by stabbing pain radiating down the leg; leg is useless if nerve is cut

shingles

herpes zoster (chickenpox) infection of the dorsal roots; skin lesions along dermatomes

tactile corpuscles

found high in the dermis, especially in hairless areas; light touch receptors

tendon organs

proprioceptors in tendons, close to skeletal muscle insertions; stimulated when muscle contracts and stretches tendon

thermoreceptors

Detect temperature change