pathophysiology

prophylactic antibiotics

given as a precaution to prevent, rather than treat

pathophysiology

study of functional changed occurring within organism due to disease

symptom

general feeling eg. hot

sign

measurable eg. temp above 38.9

acute

severe and sudden in onset

chronic

long-developing syndrome

what comes first diagnosis or prognosis ?

diagnosis

patients are always first diagnosed with…

syndrome not disease

diagnosis vs prognosis

detection/discovery vs prediction of whats to come

aetiological phase

cause - social and enviromental factors

4 stages of clinical course of disease

primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary prevention

tertiary prevention

post-clinical, prevent relapse and further progression

idiopathic

disease arises spontaneously, no known cause

iatrogenic

illness caused by medical treatment

nosocomal

originated in hospital

risk factors…

increase likelihood of disease

pathogenesis

development or evolution of disease

co-morbidity

medical conditions that coexist alongside a primary diagnosis

give 2 examples of systems diseases

tuberculosis or UTI

irreversible cell injury leads to…

necrosis or apoptosis

6 causes of cell stress / damage

physical, metabolic, chemical, microbial, immunologic, genetic factors

what does hypoxic ischemic brain injury lead to the production of ?

proteases and ROS

pyroptosis

form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin

hyperplasia

increase in number of cells in response to stimulus

hypertrophy

increased size of cells results in increased size of affected organ

atrophy

decrease in size of organ due to decrease in cell size or number

metaplasia

cell type is replaced by another cell type