Edexcel IGCSE Physics: 1 Forces and Motion

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29 Terms

1
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How do you calculate the speed from a distance-time graph ?

the speed/velocity is the gradient

2
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State the equation for average speed

average speed = distance travelled /time taken

v[m/s]=s[m]/t[s]

3
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Practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

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4
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state the equation for acceleration ( using velocity and time)

acceleration = change in velocity / time taken

a[m/s/s] = (v-u)[m/s]/t[s]

5
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How do you calculate the distance from a velocity time graph?

The distance is the area under the graph

6
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How do you calculate the acceleration from a velocity time graph?

The acceleration is the gradient of the graph

7
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State the equation for final speed

final speed squared [m/s] = initial speed squared [m/s] + 2 x acceleration[m/s/s] x speed [m/s]

8
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What are the effects of a force?

1. can change the speed of an object
2. can change direction an object is travelling in/ can rotate an object
3. can change shape of an object

9
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List the different types of forces:

1. Gravity/Weight
2. Reaction Force
3. Electrostatic Force
4. Thrust
5. Drag/Air Resistance
6. Friction
7. Lift
8. Tension
9. Magnetic
10. Nuclear

10
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What is the difference between a vector quantity and a scalar quantity?

a scalar quantity only has magnitude (size) whereas a vector quantity has magnitude(size) and direction

11
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How do you calculate the resultant force of forces acting on a line ?

you add up the forces in each direction

You subtract the larger force from the smaller force, to get the resultant force

The resultant force acts in the direction of the larger force

12
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What is friction ?

a force that opposes motion

13
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State the equation for force (using mass and acceleration)

force = mass x acceleration

F[N] = m[Kg] x a[m/s/s]

14
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State the equation for weight

Weight (N) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

W[N]=m[Kg] x g[m/s/s]

15
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What is stopping distance and how do you calculate it ?

the distance a vehicle travels from the second a hazard is detected till the car stops

stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

16
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What factors affect stopping distance?

speed
mass
road condition
reaction time

17
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Describe the forces acting on a falling object

*CHECK

1. initially v=0 and drag=0 , only weight acting on it

2. Then as it falls it will experience drag , however initially the weight force is higher

3. the object will begin to move faster towards the ground, simultaneously the force of drag increases

4. the weight and drag forces balance out so there is no resultant force on the object and it reaches(constant) terminal velocity

18
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Practical: Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands

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19
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What is Hooke's law?

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied up until the limit of proportionality

20
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Define the term elastic behaviour

the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed

21
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State the equation for momentum

momentum = mass x velocity

p[kgm/s]=m[kg] x v[m/s]

22
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Explain how safety features in a car work , with respect to momentum

Airbags&Seatbelts

1. Absorbs energy from the impact, 2.increases time taken for the force to act on the passenger

3. Since force = change in momentum/ time taken , and time increases = the force decreases

Crumple Zones

1. part of the car which collapses during a collision

2. Increases time during which the car is decelerating

3. And since force = change in momentum / time , and if time increases force felt on the passenger decreases

23
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State the principle of conservation of momentum

momentum before collision = momentum after collision

total initial momentum = total final momentum in an elastic reaction

elastic reaction , a reaction where initial KE = final KE

24
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State the relationship between force and momentum

force = change in momentum / time taken

F[N] = (mv-mu)[kgm/s]/t[s]

25
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Explain Newton's third law

if object A exerts a force on object B then object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A

26
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State the equation for a moment

moment = force x perpendicular distance

m[Nm] = F[N] x d [m]

27
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Where does weight act on a body?

through the centre of gravity (the centre of the object)

28
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How do you calculate the moment for parallel forces acting in one plane?

you use the moment formula and calculate the distance from the pivot of both of the forces

You then subtract the smaller moment from the larger moment to give the total moment which is in the direction of the larger moment

You may use:
F1 x d1 = F2 x d2
Then rearrange if asked to find a particular force or distance

29
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Describe how the upward forces on a light beam supported at its ends vary with position of a heavy object placed on the beam

If a beam is supported at ends A and B

(take centre as pivot )

As the mass moves towards A :
Upwards Force on A increases
Upwards force on B decreases

As the mass moves towards B:
Upwards force on A decreases
Upwards force on B increases


This is because the CW moment must equal the ACW moment to secure the beam

<p>If a beam is supported at ends A and B <br><br>(take centre as pivot )<br><br>As the mass moves towards A :<br>Upwards Force on A increases<br>Upwards force on B decreases<br><br>As the mass moves towards B:<br>Upwards force on A decreases<br>Upwards force on B increases<br><br><br>This is because the CW moment must equal the ACW moment to secure the beam</p>