chapter 12

Glomerulus

Glomerul/o

What’s the plural form of Glomerulus?

Glomeruli

Glomerulus

Comes from a Latin word meaning “little ball” and refers to the little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney. These serve as the primary place for filtering the blood to form urine.

Kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

Kidneys

They perform the necessary task of filtering the blood—at a rate of 200 quarts per day.

Renal Pelvis

pyel/o; Pyelo is a root meaning “pelvis”

Renal Pelvis

A series of tubes that funnel urine out of the kidneys and into the ureters and on to the bladder

Urine

ur/o, urin/o

Urine

Healthy urine is completely sterile and contains ammonia molecules

Stone

lith/o

Stone

Accumulations of mineral salts and calcium

Calculus

Latin word meaning “little rocks”

Glans Penis

Balan/o

Epididymis

epididym/o

Testicle

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/op

Prostate

prostat/o

Sperm

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

Albuminuria

protein in the urine

Albumin

protein

Ur

urine

Azotemia

excess nitrogen in the blood

Azot

nitrogen

Azotorrhea

excessive discharge of nitrogen

Rrhea

discharge

Azoturia

excess nitrogen in the urine

Cystorrhexis

rupture of the bladder

Cysto

bladder

Rrhexis

rupture

Dipsogenic

creating thirst

Dipso

thirst

Genic

creating

Glucosuria

sugar in the urine

Glycosuria

sugar in the urine

Glycos

sugar

Hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood

Kal

potassium

Hyponatremia

low sodium in the blood

Natr

sodium

Ketolysis

breakdown of ketones

Ketonuria

presence of ketones in the urine

Keton

ketones

Meatal Stenosis

narrowing of the opening of the urethra

Meat

opening

Nephroptosis

downward displacement of a kidney

Nephrosis

kidney condition

Nephro / Nephr

Kidney

Ptosis

drooping condition

Uremia

urine in the blood

Ureterocele

hernia of a ureter

Uretero

ureter

Cele

hernia

Ureterolithiasis

presence of stones in a ureter

Ureterostenosis

narrowing of a ureter

Urethrospasm

involuntary contraction of the urethtra

Urethrostenosis

narrowing of the urethra

Urethro

urethra

Uretero

ureter

Lith

stone

Cystoscopy

process for examining the bladder

Cysto

bladder

Scopy

looking procedure

Meatoscope

instrument for examining the opening of the urethra

Meato

opening

Scope

instrument to look

Meatoscopy

process for examining the opening of the urethra

Nephroscopy

procedure for examining a kidneyN

Nephro

kidney

Resectoscope

instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)

Re

back

Secto

cut

Ureteroscopy

process of examining a ureter

Urethroscope

instrument for examining the urethra

Urethroscopy

process of examining the urethra

Urinalysis (UA)

analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy

Diuresis

excessive urination

Di

through

Uresis

urination

Nephrologist

specialist in the kidneys

Nephrology

study of the kidneys

Urologist

specialist in the urinary tract

Urology

study of the urinary tract

Uropoiesis

formation of urine

Uroxanthin

substance in urine that makes it yellow

Voiding

another term for urination

Uro

urine

poiesis

formation

Anorchidism

lack of a testicle

Orchid

testicle

Aspermia

condition characterized by lack of sperm

Azoospermia

condition characterized by lack of living sperm

Zoo

living

Cryptorchidism

hidden testicle

Crypt

hidden

Cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

Cystocele

hernia of the bladder

Cele

hernia

Cystolith

stone in the bladder

Cystoptosis

downward displacement of the bladder

Cystospasm

involuntary contraction of the bladder