Diversity of Microbes

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the diversity of microbes, including prokaryotes and fungi.

Prokaryotes

Microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus (includes Bacteria and Archaea).

Gram Staining

A method of staining used to classify bacteria based on the structure of their cell walls.

Endospores

Resistant cells produced by some bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain food by absorption, including fungi.

Mycorrhizae

Specialized fungi that form symbiotic associations with plant roots to enhance nutrient absorption.

Microbiome

The community of microorganisms living in a particular environment, such as the human gut.

Obligate Aerobes

Organisms that require oxygen for cellular respiration.

Facultative Anaerobes

Organisms that can use oxygen when available but can also survive without it.

Lichens

Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Chitin

A nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of fungi.

Saprotrophs

Organisms that obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter.

Capsule

A protective layer surrounding the cell wall of some bacteria, composed of polysaccharides.

Flagellum

A long, whip-like structure that enables some cells to swim.

Thermophile

Organisms that thrive in extremely hot environments.

Halophile

Organisms that thrive in highly saline environments.

Acidophile

Organisms that thrive in acidic environments.

Glomeromycetes

Fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae, essential for the nutrient intake of many plants.

Zygosporangium

A specialized structure in fungi where sexual spores are formed.

Coenocytic Hyphae

Hyphae that lack septa, resulting in a continuous cytoplasmic mass.