Anaerobic fermentation

What is anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

They are both processes that occur when oxygen isn’t present, producing a net yield of 2 ATPs

What are the bacteria’s called that use aerobic respiration when oxygen is plentiful and anaerobic respiration is scarce?

Facultative anaerobes

What type of human muscle use anaerobic fermentation?

Human skeletal muscles

When anaerobic fermentation used in human skeletal muscles?

When the muscles cells are very strenuous which causes the calls to swap to anaerobic fermentation to supply the cells with ATP needs but also making a lactic acid by-product

What is the human by-product of anerobic fermentation?

Lactic acid

What’s the max that anaerobic fermentation can last for?

1 to a few minutes

Why can’t anaerobic fermentation last for long periods of time?

Due to lactic acid causing muscle fatigue

What’s the one cellular respiration process that anaerobic fermentation doesn’t involve?

The electron transport chain

What are the 2 common anaerobic fermentation pathways?

• Lactic acid fermentation

• Alcohol (ethanol) fermentation

Where does NAD+ regenration occur in anaerobic fermentation?

The cytosol

Lactic acid fermentation definition

A process that occurs without oxygen to produce 2 molecules of ATP and lactic acid

What enzyme catalyzes lactic acid and ethanol fermentation?

Lactate dehydrogenase

Alcohol fermentation definition

A process that occurs without oxygen to produce 2 molecules of ATP and ethanol

What are the inputs of anaerobic fermentation in animals?

• Glucose

• NAD+ (x2)

• ADP + Pi (x2)

What are the outputs of anaerobic fermentation in animals?

• Lactic acid

• NAD+ (x2)

• ATP (x2)

Why is NAD still unloaded at the end of anaerobic fermentation in animals and yeast?

Because NAD is constantly recycled between glycolysis and NAD+ regeneration stage

What is the Krebs cycle replaced with in anaerobic fermentation?

A short add-on stage known as fermentation or NAD+ regeneration

What are the 2 end products of anaerobic fermentation in yeast?

Ethanol and CO2

What’s the inputs of anaerobic fermentation in yeast?

• Glucose

• NAD+ (x2)
  ADP + Pi (x2)

What’s the outputs of anaerobic fermentation in yeast?

• Ethanol

• CO2

• NAD+ (x2)

• ATP (x2)