chem chapter 12: metal reactivity series

A more reactive metal has a ____ tendency to react with other elements by losing electrons to form a positive ion.

higher

A less reactive metal has a ____ tendency to react with other elemts by losing electrons to form a positive ion.

lower

More reactive metals form ____ , making it difficult to extract the metal from its compound.

stable compounds

Unreactive metals are often found in their ____ as ____.

uncombined form, atoms

Reaction with potassium (K)

Cold water: Reacts violently (form hydroxide)

Steam: explodes (form hydroxide)

Dilute HCl (aq): reacts explosively

Reaction with Sodium (Na)

Cold water: reacts violently (form hydroxide)

Steam: explodes (form hydroxide)

Dilute HCl (aq): reacts explosively

Reaction with calcium (Ca)

Cold water: reacts readily

Steam: explodes

Dilute HCl (aq): violently

Reaction with magnesium (Mg)

Cold water: reacts slowly

Steam: reacts violently

Dilute HCl (aq): reacts readily

Reaction with Zinc (Zn)

Cold water: no reaction

Steam: reacts readily

Dilute HCl (aq): reacts moderately fast

Reaction with iron (Fe)

Cold water: no reaction

Steam: reacts slowly

Dilute HCl (aq): reacts slowly

Reaction with lead (Pb)

Cold water: no reaction

Steam: no reaction

Dilute HCl (aq): no reaction

(However, forms insoluble layer of lead (II) chloride, which coats the lead and prevents further reaction between lead and HCl. Hence, lead does appear to react with HCl.)

Reaction with copper (Cu)

Cold water: no reaction

Steam: no reaction

Dilute HCl (aq): no reaction

Reaction with silver (Ag)

Cold water: no reaction

Steam: no reaction

Dilute HCl (aq): no reaction

Reactive ___ react with ___ to produce hydrogen and salt

metals, acids

Reactions of metals with dilute acids

Reactive metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas and salt

→ Metals that are more reactive than hydrogen react with dilute acids, displacing hydrogen to produce hydrogen gas

Hydrogen reacts with potassium/sodium

• Reacts explosively

potassium: 2K (s) + 2HCl (aq) →2KCl (aq) + H2 (g)

sodium: 2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) →2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Hydrogen reacts with calcium

• Reacts violently

2Ca + 2HCl (aq) → 2 CaCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Hydrogen reacts with magnesium

• Reacts rapidly

2Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Hydrogen reacts with zinc

• Reacts rapidly

2Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Hydrogen reacts with iron

• Reacts slowly

2Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Are there reactions observed for lead, copper, and silver with dilute hydrochloric acid?

No!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Why is there no reaction observed for lead though lead is more reactive than hydrogen?

Because an insoluble layer of lead (II) chloride is formed which coats the metal. This prevents further reaction between lead and the acid (some effervescence, stops after a while).

Reactions of metals with cold water and steam

The metals potassium to magnesium react with cold water to give metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

Cold water reacts with potassium

• Reacts very violently.

  A lot of heat energy is released, enough to ignite hydrogen gas

2K (s) + 2H2O → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

Cold water reacts with sodium

• Reacts readily/violently

  A lot of heat energy is released, enough to ignite hydrogen gas.

2Na (s) + 2H2O →2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

Cold water reacts with calcium

• Reacts readily

Ca (s) + 2H2O → ca(OH)2 (aq)/(s) +H2 (g)

Cold water reacts magnesium

• Reacts very slowly

Mg (s) +2H2O (l) →Mg(OH)2 (aq)/(s) + H2 (g)

How to metals potassium to iron react with steam

• Metals potassium to calcium react with steam to give metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

• Metals magnesium to iron react with steam to give metal oxide and hydrogen gas.

Steam reacts with potassium/sodium/calcium

• Reacts explosively

• Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced