Incarceration Nation Exam 3 Statistics

This is for exam 3. Jail, Prison, Solitary Confinement, Women, & Working in Jails/Prisons

Average number of people in U.S. jails daily

About 600,000-700,000 people.

Annual admissions to U.S. jails

Roughly 10-11 million admissions annually.

Proportion of pretrial detainees in jail

About 65%.

Median length of stay in jail

Less than one week.

Percentage of jail inmates who are women

Around 15%.

Percentage of jail inmates with a history of mental illness

Approximately 44%.

Percentage of people released from jail who are rearrested within five years

About 75%.

Number of local jails in the U.S.

More than 3,000.

Effect of jail on people according to Irwin

It causes disorientation and often pushes people further outside society.

Total number of people in state and federal prisons in 2022

1,230,100 total prisoners.

Percentage of prisoners in state vs. federal prisons

87% state, 13% federal.

Number of women in prison at yearend 2022

87,800 women, about 7% of all prisoners.

Overall imprisonment rate in 2022

453 per 100,000 U.S. adults.

Change in U.S. imprisonment rate from 2012 to 2022

It's down 28% from 2012 to 2022.

Male vs. female imprisonment rate in 2022

857 per 100,000 men, 62 per 100,000 women.

Imprisonment rate by race in 2022

Black: 1,196; AI/AN: 1,042; Hispanic: 603; White: 229; Asian/PI: 88 (per 100,000).

Black imprisonment rate compared to Asian rate

About 13× higher.

Black imprisonment rate compared to White rate

About 5× higher.

Black imprisonment rate compared to Hispanic rate

Nearly 2× higher.

Year the first U.S. supermax prison opened

1983, in Marion, Illinois.

Number of supermax institutions by the late 1990s

Around 60 facilities.

Number of people held in supermax solitary confinement

About 25,000 inmates.

Number of people in other forms of restrictive housing or isolation

Between 50,000-80,000 inmates.

Proportion of Mississippi's prisoners once held in supermax solitary

About 12%.

Increased likelihood of dying in the first year after release for solitary confinement survivors

24% more likely to die.

Increased likelihood of dying by suicide after release for solitary survivors

78% more likely.

Increased likelihood of dying from opioid overdose within two weeks of release for solitary survivors

127% more likely.

Duration Jesse Wilson reported living in a cage in solitary confinement

Over 8 years.

Percentage increase in women's incarceration in local jails from 1990-2019

119% increase.

Percent of jail populations that are women

About 15%.

Percent of state prisoners that are women

Roughly 8%.

Change in share of female state prisoners from 1978-2019

Increased from 4% to almost 8%.

Change in share of female jail inmates from 1978-2019

Increased from 6% to 15%.

Top offense categories for women in prison (2021)

25% drug, 19% property, 46% violent, 10% public order.

Percent of women in prison serving for drug offenses (up from 1986)

Increased from 12% (1986) to 25% (2021).

State with the highest female imprisonment rate (2022)

Idaho, with 132 per 100,000.

State with the lowest female imprisonment rate (2022)

Massachusetts, with 7 per 100,000.

Percent of youth in residential placement that are girls

14% (3,554 girls).

Change in confinement of girls since 2001

Decreased by over 75% (from 15,104 to 3,554).

Confinement rate for girls ages 10-17

21 per 100,000.

Incarceration rate of Native American girls compared to white girls

4× higher (76 vs. 19 per 100,000).

Incarceration rate of Black girls compared to white girls

2.5× higher (46 vs. 19 per 100,000).

Proportion of incarcerated girls held for status offenses or probation violations

Almost 25%.

Percent of correctional officers in Massachusetts sample assaulted by inmates

50%.

Percent of officers who witnessed a staff assault

54%.

Percent of officers who personally knew another officer who died by suicide

65%.

Percent of officers who responded to a suicide among incarcerated persons

35%.

Percent of correction officers who are male and white

85% male, 86% white.

Percent of correction officers who are veterans

31%.

Percent of correction officers suffering from PTSD

Between 15%-34%.

Percent of correction officers suffering from anxiety

24%-25%.

Percent of correction officers suffering from depression

24%-60%.

Comparison of correction officer depression rates to general population

General public is about 6-7%, much lower.

Correction officer suicide rate in Massachusetts (2010-2015)

105 per 100,000, more than 10× the state average (9 per 100,000).

Comparison of correction officer suicide rate to prisoner suicide rate

About twice as high (105 vs. 40 per 100,000).

Georgia's prison officer vacancy rate in recent years

Up to 70%.

Increase in Nebraska's officer overtime hours since 2010

Quadrupled.

Number of prisons Florida closed due to understaffing

Three prisons.

Percent of federal prison guard positions currently filled

≈93%, leaving ~1,000 vacancies.