Unit 3 Presidency Terms

12th amendment

requires separate ballots for the President and VP, whoever gets highest votes is President, second highest is VP (outdated)

22nd Amendment

president has two terms in office only

25th Amendment

when president believes that he is incapable of performing the duties of office, he must inform Congress in writing. VP then takes over until he feels better

advice and consent

senate can review treaties and appointment of judges the president makes, say yes or no

agenda setting

power of the president to determine policy priorities for the nation

appointment power

president power to appoint cabinet members and federal judges

removal power

president power to remove appointments except head of regulatory commissions and judges

balance the ticket

VP chosen by Presidental nominees to attract groups of voters or appease party functions

Budget Reform and Impoundment Act

President proposes budget, Congress approves, but theres no need to spend all the funds constitutionally (now is illegal)

EX: Biden still has to pay for funding for Trumps fund to build the wall bc of this

Bully Pulpit

president can persuade the public to support them by interaction directly

cabinet

a group of presidential advisers not mentioned in the Constitution

Chief Diplomat

President dominates American foreign policy and create treaties and recognition towards other countries

Chief Executive

enforces the acts of Congress, the judgements of the federal courts, and treaties signed by U.S. ( backed by Take Care Clause)

Chief Legislator

President must recommend to Congress legislation that the judge necessary, State of Union Address required by Constitution every year

Chief of Staff

responsible for coordinating the office, normally one of the president’s chief advisors

Circular Model

gives the President a way to directly get information from his staff members

Commander in Chief

President controls army and navy and makes ultimate matters

Constitutional Powers

veto and sign bills

make treaties (senate approval needed)

commander in chief, chief diplomat, chief of state ,chief administrator, chief executive ,chief legislator

Power to grant reprieves and powers

appoint ambassadors and other offices

recess appointments

state of union message

Take Care Clause

faithfully execute

diplomatic recognition

the power to recognize or not recognize foreign countries

emergency powers

president can declare emergencies without anyones approval, usually during national crisis and is a inheret power

executive agreement

presidental power in foregin affairs, no senate approval required, can be secretive, expires w president

EX: biden probably has a plan with the Pres. of Ukraine to fund them

EOP (Executive Office of the President)

provides staff assistance for the chief executive and help coordinate the executive bureaucracy

Executive Order

order issued by the President that has the force of law, expires w President

Executive Privilege

inheret power that concerns the ability of the President and his executive officials to refuse to appear before, or withhold information from Congress or courts

EX: Nixon v. US

Nixon v. US

Nixon didnt want to hand over tapes recorded of his conversations, claiming executive privilege

The court ruled that it was not executive privilege and the tapes had to be handed over

Federal Register

daily publication of the U.S. Governments agenda and what they got done

Chief of State

America’s ceremonial leader and symbol of government

Impeachment

• House accuses Pres., VP, or any civil officer of crime with a simple majority

• Senate then conducts the actual trial (2/3 vote), if person is impeached, the Supreme Court Chief Justice hears the court

inheret power

President has the “executive power and take care that the laws be faithfully executed”

Kitchen Cabinet

very informal group of advisors, who usually are friends of the president with whom the president worked with before

Line-item Veto

the power to veto individual lines or items within a piece of legislation, rather than vetoing the entire thing (illegal now)

NSC (National Security Council)

committee links the president key foreign and military advisors

OMB (Office of Management and Budget)

makes annual federal budget that the president presents to Congress each January and approving the budget for all agencies

Pardon

legal forgiveness for a crime (constitutional, only for federal law)

Reprieve

the postpone a sentence (constitutional)

Amnesty

President constitutional ability to pardon a group of people

Communtation

reduce a sentence (constitutional)

Chief of Party

president chooses the national committee chairperson and can try to discipline part members who fail to support the presidents policies (informal power)

patronage (spoils system)

appointing individuals the president personally knows to government or public jobs (illegal now bc of Pendleton Act)

Permanent Campaign

president is always “campaigning”, even off election time

Pocket Veto

President refuses to sign the bill and Congress adjourns within 10 working days after the bill has been submitted to the president, the bill is killed

Pyramid Model

military chain of command that emphasizes a powerful Chief of Staff

Public Approval

public’s reaction to their support or opposition to president and their policies

Signing Statement

President writes a paper that confirms the signing upon a bill, official message in how he sees the law being enforced

State of the Union

required by the Constitution, given by the Chief Legislator and shares a comprehensive view of what the president wishes the legislatures to accomplish during session

Statutory Powers

Congress creates certain laws (opposed from constitution powers, which are laws made by constitution)

Take Care Clause

President should “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”

Veto Message

10-day period in which the President signs a bill or not

War Powers Resolution

requires the President to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or gives an extension

White House Office

collection of offices and organizations loosely grouped into the Executive Office of the President