Transport Across the Cell Membrane

Which energy source enables the channel and carrier proteins to move small hydrophilic substances across the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Diffusion

Anino acids, glucose, and nucleotides must be transported across the membrane by…

Carrier proteins

Which small molecule diffuses across the cell membrane through channel proteins called aquaporins?

Water (H2O)

Which substance can directly pass through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane and diffuse from high to lower concentration?

Small hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules

Atoms, Water molecules, Amino Acids, Monosaccharides, Nucleotides, Particles, Pathogens

These are substances that must ___ to enter and exit cells

Cross the cell membrane

Which organelles in the eukaryotic cell make and package all the materials necessary to build and repair the cell membrane?

Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Creating a voltage that is a source of energy for the cell

Cell signaling

Cell to cell binding

These are all functions of the…

Cell membrane

The cell membrane cannot store glycogen. True or False?

True

The dynamic cell membrane consists of…

___that interact to form the ___

____ (cholesterol) within the ___

Membrane ___

Phospholipids; Lipid Bilayer

Steroids: Lipid Bilayer

Proteins

How do small, hydrophobic molecules cross the cell membrane?

Directly pass through the cell membrane

What supplies the energy that drives the transport of small, hydrophobic molecules?

Diffusion

What energy source drives the facilitated diffusion of small, hydrophilic (polar) substances across the cell membrane?

Diffusion

What proteins transports small, hydrophilic ions (Ca++) & water molecules?

Channel Proteins

What do carrier proteins transport?

Small hydrophilic molecules that are too large to pass through channel proteins

Do carrier proteins transport water molecules?

NO

An aquaporin is a type of ___ protein that enables H20 molecules to cross the cell membrane.

Channel

The facilitated diffusion of glucose requires ___ proteins.

Carrier

The facilitated diffusion of amino acids requires ___ proteins.

Carrier

The facilitated diffusion of Potassium (K+) ions requires ___ proteins.

Channel

The facilitated diffusion of water (H2O) requires ___ proteins.

Channel

Which chemical source do active transport proteins require?

ATP

Do active transport proteins move substances across the cell membrane from higher to lower concentration or from lower to higher concentration?

Lower to higher concentration

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area on low concentration.

The formation of the cell includes both ___ proteins and ___ proteins.

Intrinsic (integral membrane); extrinsic (peripheral membrane)

Transporter

Enzyme

Cell -surface receptor

Cell-surface identity marker

Cell-to-cell adhesion

Attachment to the cytoskeleton

These are the many types and forms of ___ that the cell membrane requires to perform its range of functions.

Proteins

The Golgi Apparatus uses ___ to deliver new membrane materials to the cell membrane.

Vesicles

___fuse with the cell membrane to increase its size.

Vesicles

Why can’t hydrophilic atoms and molecules directly pass through the cell membrane?

The interior of the cell membrane is hydrophobic.

Electrically-charged ions

Water (H2O) molecules

Glucose

Amino Acids

Nucleotides

These are all examples ___ atoms and molecules

Small, polar, hydrophilic

Channel proteins in the cell membrane have a ___ interior

Hollow

The channel diameter is channel proteins is ___ than Ion & H2O diameter

Larger

The facilitated diffusion of Calcium (Ca++) ions requires ___ proteins.

Channel

The facilitated diffusion of nucleotides requires ___ proteins.

Carrier

The facilitated diffusion of small sugars such as monosaccharides and disaccharides requires ___ proteins.

Carrier

The probability that a glucose molecule will contact and bind to the carrier protein is higher on the side of the membrane…

With more glucose molecules

Channel and carrier proteins transfer small polar, hydrophilic molecules from and area of ___ concentration to an area of ___ concentration.

Higher; lower

Some hydrophilic substances must cross the cell membrane from lower to higher concentration. Which process performs this type of transport?

Active Transport

Some ___ proteins are active transport proteins,

Carrier

Some carrier proteins are called ___ that transport charged ions.

Ions Pumps

What energy-rich molecule drives many endergonic (energy-requiring) cellular processes like active transport?

ATP

Some active transport proteins enable cancer cells to export anti-cancer drugs and attain drug resistance. These membrane transport proteins are…

Multidrug Resistance Proteins

Active Transport proteins move small hydrophilic ions and small hydrophobic molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration. Which energy source drive active transport?

ATP