Ionic Bonds

What do Dot and cross diagrams represent?

They show ionic bonding and electron transfer

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?

Two electrons

How many electrons can the second energy level hold?

Eight electrons

What is the maximum number of electrons in the third energy level?

Eight electrons

Why are noble gases unreactive?

They have a full outer energy level

What do elements aim to achieve through reactions?

A full outer energy level for stability

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

On the left-hand side

Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

On the right-hand side

What happens when a metal reacts with: a non-metal?

ionic bonding takes place

What group does lithium belong to?

Group 1

What group does fluorine belong to?

Group 7

How many electrons does a lithium atomi have?

Three electrons

How many electrons are in the outer energy level of lithium?

One electron

What charge do lithium atoms have?

No overall charge

How many electrons does a fluorine atom have?

9 electrons

How many electrons are in the outer energy level of fluorine?

7 electrons

What charge do fluorine atoms have?

No overall charge

What happens to lithium when it reacts : with fluorine?

Lithium loses its outer electronLithium loses its outer electron

What happens to fluorine when it reacts with lithium?

Fluorine gains an electron

What charge does lithium have after losing an electron?

One positive charge

What do we call an atom with an overall charge?

An ion

What charge does fluorine have after gaining an electron?

One negative charge

What do both lithium ion and fluorine ion achieve?

A full outer energy level

What stable electronic structure do both ions have?

The structure of a noble gas

What is the typical exam question regarding ionic bonding?

Describe the reaction between sodium and chlorine

What does the Dot and cross diagram show in the sodium and chlorine reaction?

Only the outer energy levels involved

What happens to the electron during the

sodium and chlorine reaction?

One electron passes from sodium to chlorine

What do both sodium and chlorine achieve in the reaction?

A full outer energy level

What are the key facts about ionic bonding?

• Elements react to achieve a full outer energy level.

• Metals lose electrons, forming positive ions.

• Non-metals gain electrons, forming negative ions.

• Both ions achieve a stable electronic structure.

What is the process of ionic bonding between lithium and fluorine?

1. Lithium loses one electron.

2. Fluorine gains that electron.

3. Both achieve full outer energy levels.

4. Lithium becomes a positive ion.

5. Fluorine becomes a negative ion.

What is the process of ionic bonding between sodium and chlorine?

1. Sodium loses one electron.

2. Chlorine gains that electron.

3. Both achieve full outer energy levels.

4. Sodium becomes a positive ion

5. Chlorine becomes a negative ion

What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

Ionic Bonds

How are ions formed from atoms?