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What do Dot and cross diagrams represent?
They show ionic bonding and electron transfer
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?
Two electrons
How many electrons can the second energy level hold?
Eight electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the third energy level?
Eight electrons
Why are noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer energy level
What do elements aim to achieve through reactions?
A full outer energy level for stability
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
On the left-hand side
Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?
On the right-hand side
What happens when a metal reacts with: a non-metal?
ionic bonding takes place
What group does lithium belong to?
Group 1
What group does fluorine belong to?
Group 7
How many electrons does a lithium atomi have?
Three electrons
How many electrons are in the outer energy level of lithium?
One electron
What charge do lithium atoms have?
No overall charge
How many electrons does a fluorine atom have?
9 electrons
How many electrons are in the outer energy level of fluorine?
7 electrons
What charge do fluorine atoms have?
No overall charge
What happens to lithium when it reacts : with fluorine?
Lithium loses its outer electronLithium loses its outer electron
What happens to fluorine when it reacts with lithium?
Fluorine gains an electron
What charge does lithium have after losing an electron?
One positive charge
What do we call an atom with an overall charge?
An ion
What charge does fluorine have after gaining an electron?
One negative charge
What do both lithium ion and fluorine ion achieve?
A full outer energy level
What stable electronic structure do both ions have?
The structure of a noble gas
What is the typical exam question regarding ionic bonding?
Describe the reaction between sodium and chlorine
What does the Dot and cross diagram show in the sodium and chlorine reaction?
Only the outer energy levels involved
What happens to the electron during the
sodium and chlorine reaction?
One electron passes from sodium to chlorine
What do both sodium and chlorine achieve in the reaction?
A full outer energy level
What are the key facts about ionic bonding?
ā¢ Elements react to achieve a full outer energy level.
ā¢ Metals lose electrons, forming positive ions.
ā¢ Non-metals gain electrons, forming negative ions.
ā¢ Both ions achieve a stable electronic structure.
What is the process of ionic bonding between lithium and fluorine?
1. Lithium loses one electron.
2. Fluorine gains that electron.
3. Both achieve full outer energy levels.
4. Lithium becomes a positive ion.
5. Fluorine becomes a negative ion.
What is the process of ionic bonding between sodium and chlorine?
1. Sodium loses one electron.
2. Chlorine gains that electron.
3. Both achieve full outer energy levels.
4. Sodium becomes a positive ion
5. Chlorine becomes a negative ion
What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?
Ionic Bonds
How are ions formed from atoms?
Note 
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