Seed plant diversity

Pinophyta:

Pine pollen

Male and female cones

Conifer leaves

Gymnosperms

Pine pollen

Male cones

Female cones

needle like

Conifer leaves

small to medium in size and are often “palm-tree-like”

Cycadophyta

Non flowering 

No true fruits

Ginkgophyta

Gnetum

Ephedra

Welwitschia

Gnetophyta

lianas, or vines, that climb to the tops of tall trees in the moist tropical forests.

Gnetum

branched shrub with inconspicuously small scalelike leaves.

Ephedra

buried in sandy soil

exposed part - massive woody, concave disk, produces two strap-shaped leaves.

Welwitschia

Flowers

Fruits

Angiosperms

Flower structure (4 whorls)

1. Sepals

2. Petals

3. Stamen

4. Carpels

outermost whorl

Usually green

Sepals

Colors + fragrances to attract pollinators 

Petals

1. Pollen production

2. Thin stalk supporting ____ ^

Stamen:

1. Anther

2. Filament.

1. Sticky tip of stigma to adhere pollen

2. Connects stigma to ovary

3. Hold ovules

Stigma:

1. Stigma

2. Style

3. Ovary

acorns, beans, corn, peas, peanuts, sunflower seeds

Dry fruits

dry fruits that do not open on their own (i.e., that have no seams)

Indehiscent Dry fruits

dry fruits that open on their own (when seams break or caps fall off)

Dehiscent Dry fruits

Dry indehiscent fruit types (with one seed)

1. Achene

2. Samara

3. Caryopsis

4. Nut

Dry dehiscent fruit types (with multiple seeds)

1. Follicle

2. Legume

3. Capsule

peaches, pineapples, raspberries, tomatoes,

strawberries, zucchini

Fleshy fruits

Fleshy fruit types

1. Simple

2. Aggregate

3. Multiple 

product of one ovary (with one or more ovules inside)

Simple fleshy fruits

from multiple ovaries developing along a central stalk in the same flower.

appear to be individual units of a specific type of simple fruit all joined together.

Aggregate fleshy fruits

formed when multiple flowers fuse together to

form a single fruit.

Multiple fleshy fruit 

Types of simple fleshy fruit

1. Berries - Hespiridium , pepo

2. Drupes

3. Pomes

a fleshy fruit with one or more seeds where the ovule(s) has not fused with ovary tissue

Blueberry

Banana

Grape

Kiwi

Bell pepper

Berries

the exocarp and mesocarp have been modified into a leathery structure that often has pungent oils and is separable from the fleshy endocarp.

Lemon 

Orange 

Limes

grapefruit

Hespiridium

the exocarp is modified into an extremely hard

layer (when mature) that is inseparable from the fleshy mesocarp and endocarp.

Watermelon

Cucumber

Pumpkin

Squash

Pepo

one seed where the endocarp forms “pit” that contains a seed inside. Known as pit fruits.

Cherry

Coconut 

Apricot 

Avocado

Drupes

multiple seeds where the receptacle has enlarged to surround the Ovary.

Distinct “core,” inside of which the seeds are located.

apple 

Pears

Pomes

Three floral parts

Or

Multiple of three

Flower monocots

Four or five floral parts

(Multiple of these)

Flower Euidcots

vascular tissue in a ring

Root monocots

vascular tissue in a star shape

Root Euidcots

Vascular tissue scattered

Leave monocots

vascular bundles in a ring

Leave Eudicots

Lilium anthers

Lilium megaspores