year 9 chemistry

fuels, earth and atmospheric science

types of non-renewable fossil fuels

natural gas, crude oil

what is a non-renewable fuel

a fuel that can run out (fossil fuels)

what are fossil fuels made from

ancient remains of animals and plants

what state is crude oil at room temperature

liquid

what is crude oil used for

to make petrochemicals

crude oil are

hydrocarbons

natural gases are

hydrocarbons in the gas state

how are crude oils separated

using fractional distillation

is a factional distillation column hotter at the top or bottom

bottom

boiling point of petrol

40

boiling point of naptha

110

boiling point of kerosene

180

boiling point of diesel oil

260

boiling point of residue

340

what is petrol used for

used in cars

what is naptha used for

used in chemical production

what is kerosene used for

used at jet fuel

what is diesel oil used for

used in diesel engines

what is reidue used for

fuel for ships

what is a homologous series

compound with the same general formula and similar properties

what’s the name for single-bond carbon atoms

alkanes c-c

what is produced when an alkane reacts with oxygen

carbon dioxide and water (and energy)

do longer chains have lower or higher boiling points

higher

complete combustion happens when

there is enough oxygen

incomplete oxygen happens when

their is not enough oxygen

what is produced during complete combustion

carbon dioxide and water (and energy)

what is produced during incomplete combustion

carbon monoxide, carbon, (soot) and water (less energy produced)

carbon monoxide

a toxic gas

is carbon monoxide acidic

yes

how is sulphur dioxide formed

When fuels containing sulphur impurities is burned

what does sulphur + water form

acid rain

effects of acid rain

plants don’t grow well, kills fish, weathers buildings,

what is the process of breaking hydrocarbons

cracking

what type of bond is made during cracking

carbon carbon bonds c=c

smaller hydrocarbons are used as

fuels

what type of hydrocarbons have c=c bond

alkenes

what was the main gas in the early atmosphere

carbon dioxide (small amounts of water vapor)

when did most gases come from

volcanic activity

how were oceans formed

water vapour condensed

how was carbon dioxide removed in earths early atmosphere

it was dissolved in oceans

what is earth atmosphere like today

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small amounts of other gases

what are some green house gases

carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

how is carbon dioxide realised into the atmosphere

by burning fossil fuels

how is methane produced

when oil and natural gas are extracted and processed, cattle, landfill sites and rice fields

what are the effects of global warming on oceans

glaciers melt

which causes sea levels to rise

which causes flooding

what are the effects of global warming on animals

some now cant handle the weather in their natural habitat so they have to find new ones

what are the effects of global warming on weather

weather events and becoming more extreme and destructive

how many carbon atoms does methane contain

1

how many carbon atoms does ethane contain

2

how many carbon atoms does propane contain

3

how many carbon atoms does butane contain

4