HA 3rd Exam

bronchial breath sounds

Loud-High Pitched-Trachea/Larynx

bronchovesicular sounds

over the bronchi

vesicular breath sounds

soft-low-fine airways

resonance; use finger pads

lung tissue should have

strength declines, decreased inspiratory capacity, barrel chest, reduced gag/cough, respiratory assessment can be exhausting

older adults respiratory assessment

bronchophony

“99” while auscultating; abnormal if clear & loud

egophony

“eee” while auscultating; abnormal if hear “aaa”

whispered pectoriloquy

whisper “one-two-three”; anormal loud & clear

immobility in older adults

creates a risk for airway collapse (atelectasis), reduced air exchange, hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis

decreased/diminished lung sounds

are heard in areas of emphysema, atelectasis, or pleural effusion

are discontinuous sounds that are caused by fluid in the airways or alveoli, or that result from the opening of collapsed airways and alveoli while they reinflate during deep breathing; most often heard on inspiration, although they can occasionally be heard during expiration;

crackles

not normally heard; extra sounds overlying normal breath sounds

adventitious breath sounds

continuous, high-pitched, musical sounds caused by air squeezing through narrowed airways, asthma, during the expiratory phase in mild-to-moderate airway narrowing

wheezing

continuous, low-pitched, snoring sounds resulting from secretions moving around in airways, often louder during the expiratory phase but can be heard throughout

rhonchi

tactile fremitus

lung tissue density, 99, both hands, palpation

diaphragmatic excursion

estimation of how far the diaphragm descends, percussion, both hands, side to side, avoid bones, large chest or obesity = dull

symmetrical chest expansion

focus on thumbs for