chapter 11

What is the importance of maintaining an open airway?

It ensures adequate passage of air to facilitate breathing and ventilation.

What are the signs of inadequate breathing?

Signs include low oxygen saturation, abnormal respiratory patterns, and inability to maintain adequate ventilation.

What devices are included in airway adjuncts?

Devices used to support or maintain an open airway, such as oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways.

What is the purpose of suction equipment in airway management?

To remove secretions, blood, or foreign bodies that may obstruct the airway.

Describe the function of pulse oximetry.

It measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood to assess respiratory adequacy.

What is CPAP and when is it used?

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure is used to keep airways open in patients with respiratory failure.

Name three types of advanced airway devices.

Single-lumen airways, multilumen airways, and supraglottic devices.

What is the primary concept behind acid-base balance in respiratory physiology?

It relates to maintaining homeostasis and the body's ability to regulate pH levels.

What are the steps for insertion of supraglottic airway devices?

Position the patient properly, lubricate the device, insert it following anatomical landmarks, and confirm placement.

What is the significance of assessing ventilation-perfusion ratio?

To understand how effectively oxygen is being transferred and utilized in the body.

What are the techniques for airway management in unresponsive patients?

Positioning, head tilt-chin lift, jaw-thrust maneuver, and suctioning if necessary.

Why is end-tidal CO2 assessment important?

It helps to evaluate the adequacy of ventilation and confirms correct placement of advanced airways.

What should you do in case of foreign body airway obstruction?

Administer back blows, abdominal thrusts, or use suction if necessary, and consider advanced airway techniques.

How do you demonstrate bag-mask ventilation?

By sealing the mask on the patient's face and providing breaths through the device while ensuring the airway is open.